Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus 4 and Clostridium perfringens Type C Fatal Co-Infection in an Adult Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus)

Costa, Taiana, Rocchigiani, Guido ORCID: 0000-0002-3742-7636, Zendri, Flavia ORCID: 0000-0002-7776-9278, Drake, Gabby, Lopez, Javier, Chantrey, Julian ORCID: 0000-0002-4801-7034 and Ricci, Emanuele ORCID: 0000-0001-9751-0661 (2022) Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus 4 and Clostridium perfringens Type C Fatal Co-Infection in an Adult Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) Animals, 12 (3). p. 349. ISSN 2076-2615, 2076-2615

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Abstract

Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus hemorrhagic disease (EEHV-HD) is an acute, often fatal, multisystemic hemorrhagic disease and one of the most significant causes of mortality of Asian elephants in captivity. Most fatal cases of EEHV-HD are associated with EEHV1A and EEHV1B in juveniles. This case report describes the clinical and pathological features of a fatal co-infection of Clostridium perfringens type C and EEHV-HD, caused by EEHV4, in an adult female Asian elephant. Although fatal clostridial enterotoxemia has been occasionally reported in elephants, this report highlights the importance of having both EEHV-HD and clostridial enterotoxemia as potential differential diagnoses in cases of widespread tissue necrosis and internal hemorrhage in elephants, regardless of the animal age group, due to their macroscopic similarities, frequent co-occurrence and cumulative morbid potential.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Clostridium spp, Clostridium perfringens type C, clostridial enterotoxemia, elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus, EEHV, elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus hemorrhagic disease, Elephas maximus
Divisions:	Faculty of Health & Life Sciences Faculty of Health & Life Sciences > Inst. Infection, Vet & Ecological Sciences
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	07 Feb 2022 08:58
Last Modified:	16 Jun 2026 11:06
DOI:	10.3390/ani12030349
Related Websites:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3148382
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