Spirometric phenotypes from early childhood to young adulthood: a Chronic Airway Disease Early Stratification study


Wang, Gang, Hallberg, Jenny, Charalampopoulos, Dimitrios ORCID: 0000-0002-3763-3130, Sanahuja, Maribel Casas, Breyer-Kohansal, Robab, Langhammer, Arnulf, Granell, Raquel, Vonk, Judith M, Mian, Annemiek, Olvera, Nuria et al (show 43 more authors) (2021) Spirometric phenotypes from early childhood to young adulthood: a Chronic Airway Disease Early Stratification study. ERJ OPEN RESEARCH, 7 (4). pp. 457-2021. ISSN 2312-0541, 2312-0541

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Abstract

<h4>Background</h4>The prevalences of obstructive and restrictive spirometric phenotypes, and their relation to early-life risk factors from childhood to young adulthood remain poorly understood. The aim was to explore these phenotypes and associations with well-known respiratory risk factors across ages and populations in European cohorts.<h4>Methods</h4>We studied 49 334 participants from 14 population-based cohorts in different age groups (≤10, >10-15, >15-20, >20-25 years, and overall, 5-25 years). The obstructive phenotype was defined as forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV<sub>1</sub>)/forced vital capacity (FVC) z-score less than the lower limit of normal (LLN), whereas the restrictive phenotype was defined as FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC z-score ≥LLN, and FVC z-score <LLN.<h4>Results</h4>The prevalence of obstructive and restrictive phenotypes varied from 3.2-10.9% and 1.8-7.7%, respectively, without clear age trends. A diagnosis of asthma (adjusted odds ratio (aOR=2.55, 95% CI 2.14-3.04), preterm birth (aOR=1.84, 1.27-2.66), maternal smoking during pregnancy (aOR=1.16, 95% CI 1.01-1.35) and family history of asthma (aOR=1.44, 95% CI 1.25-1.66) were associated with a higher prevalence of obstructive, but not restrictive, phenotype across ages (5-25 years). A higher current body mass index (BMI was more often observed in those with the obstructive phenotype but less in those with the restrictive phenotype (aOR=1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.06 and aOR=0.81, 95% CI 0.78-0.85, per kg·m<sup>-2</sup> increase in BMI, respectively). Current smoking was associated with the obstructive phenotype in participants older than 10 years (aOR=1.24, 95% CI 1.05-1.46).<h4>Conclusion</h4>Obstructive and restrictive phenotypes were found to be relatively prevalent during childhood, which supports the early origins concept. Several well-known respiratory risk factors were associated with the obstructive phenotype, whereas only low BMI was associated with the restrictive phenotype, suggesting different underlying pathobiology of these two phenotypes.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: 32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 3201 Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology, 3211 Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Pediatric, Clinical Research, Genetics, Asthma, Lung, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Respiratory
Divisions: Faculty of Health & Life Sciences
Faculty of Health & Life Sciences > Inst. Population Health
Depositing User: Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited: 07 Jun 2022 11:46
Last Modified: 24 Oct 2025 13:41
DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00457-2021
Related Websites:
URI: https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3156005
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