Pre-supernova Alert System for Super-Kamiokande

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Machado, LN ORCID: 0000-0002-7578-4183, Abe, K, Hayato, Y, Hiraide, K, Ieki, K, Ikeda, M, Kameda, J, Kanemura, Y, Kaneshima, R, Kashiwagi, Y et al (show 90 more authors) , Kataoka, Y, Miki, S, Mine, S, Miura, M, Moriyama, S, Nakano, Y, Nakahata, M, Nakayama, S, Noguchi, Y, Okamoto, K, Sato, K, Sekiya, H, Shiba, H, Shimizu, K, Shiozawa, M, Sonoda, Y, Suzuki, Y, Takeda, A, Takemoto, Y, Takenaka, A, Tanaka, H, Watanabe, S, Yano, T, De Perio, P, Martens, K, Vagins, MR, Bian, J, Griskevich, NJ, Kropp, WR, Locke, S, Smy, MB, Sobel, HW, Takhistov, V, Yankelevich, A, Han, S, Kajita, T, Okumura, K, Tashiro, T, Tomiya, T, Wang, X, Xia, J, Yoshida, S, Megias, GD, Fernandez, P, Labarga, L, Ospina, N, Zaldivar, B, Pointon, BW, Akutsu, R, Gousy-Leblanc, V, Hartz, M, Konaka, A, Prouse, NW, Kearns, E, Raaf, JL, Wan, L, Wester, T, Hill, J, Kim, JY, Lim, IT, Park, RG, Bodur, B, Scholberg, K ORCID: 0000-0002-7007-2021, Walter, CW ORCID: 0000-0003-2035-2380, Bernard, L, Coffani, A, Drapier, O, El Hedri, S, Giampaolo, A, Mueller, TA, Santos, AD, Paganini, P, Quilain, B, Ishizuka, T, Nakamura, T, Jang, JS, Learned, JG, Cao, S, Choi, K, Anthony, LHV, Martin, D, Scott, M, Sztuc, AA, Uchida, Y, Berardi, V, Catanesi, MG, Radicioni, E, Calabria, NF, De Rosa, G and Collazuol, G (2022) Pre-supernova Alert System for Super-Kamiokande Astrophysical Journal, 935 (1). p. 40. ISSN 0004-637X, 1538-4357

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Abstract

In 2020, the Super-Kamiokande (SK) experiment moved to a new stage (SK-Gd) in which gadolinium (Gd) sulfate octahydrate was added to the water in the detector, enhancing the efficiency to detect thermal neutrons and consequently improving the sensitivity to low energy electron anti-neutrinos from inverse beta decay (IBD) interactions. SK-Gd has the potential to provide early alerts of incipient core-collapse supernovae through detection of electron anti-neutrinos from thermal and nuclear processes responsible for the cooling of massive stars before the gravitational collapse of their cores. These pre-supernova neutrinos emitted during the silicon burning phase can exceed the energy threshold for IBD reactions. We present the sensitivity of SK-Gd to pre-supernova stars and the techniques used for the development of a pre-supernova alarm based on the detection of these neutrinos in SK, as well as prospects for future SK-Gd phases with higher concentrations of Gd. For the current SK-Gd phase, high-confidence alerts for Betelgeuse could be issued up to 9 hr in advance of the core collapse itself.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics, 51 Physical Sciences, 7 Affordable and Clean Energy
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	21 Oct 2022 08:38
Last Modified:	01 Mar 2026 01:16
DOI:	10.3847/1538-4357/ac7f9c
Open Access URL:	https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-43...
Related Websites:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3165679
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