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Machado, LN, Abe, K, Hayato, Y, Hiraide, K, Ieki, K, Ikeda, M, Kameda, J, Kanemura, Y, Kaneshima, R, Kashiwagi, Y et al (show 214 more authors) , Kataoka, Y, Miki, S, Mine, S, Miura, M, Moriyama, S, Nakano, Y, Nakahata, M, Nakayama, S, Noguchi, Y, Okamoto, K, Sato, K, Sekiya, H, Shiba, H, Shimizu, K, Shiozawa, M, Sonoda, Y, Suzuki, Y, Takeda, A, Takemoto, Y, Takenaka, A, Tanaka, H, Watanabe, S, Yano, T, de Perio, P, Martens, K, Vagins, MR, Bian, J, Griskevich, NJ, Kropp, WR, Locke, S, Smy, MB, Sobel, HW, Takhistov, V, Yankelevich, A, Han, S, Kajita, T, Okumura, K, Tashiro, T, Tomiya, T, Wang, X, Xia, J, Yoshida, S, Megias, GD, Fernandez, P, Labarga, L, Ospina, N, Zaldivar, B, Pointon, BW, Akutsu, R, Gousy-Leblanc, V, Hartz, M, Konaka, A, Prouse, NW, Kearns, E, Raaf, JL, Wan, L, Wester, T, Hill, J, Kim, JY, Lim, IT, Park, RG, Bodur, B, Scholberg, K, Walter, CW, Bernard, L, Coffani, A, Drapier, O, El Hedri, S, Giampaolo, A, Mueller, Th A, Santos, AD, Paganini, P, Quilain, B, Ishizuka, T, Nakamura, T, Jang, JS, Learned, JG, Cao, S, Choi, K, Anthony, LHV, Martin, D, Scott, M, Sztuc, AA, Uchida, Y, Berardi, V, Catanesi, MG, Radicioni, E, Calabria, NF, De Rosa, G, Collazuol, G, Iacob, F, Lamoureux, M, Mattiazzi, M, Ludovici, L, Gonin, M, Pronost, G, Fujisawa, C, Maekawa, Y, Nishimura, Y, Sasaki, R, Friend, M, Hasegawa, T, Ishida, T, Jakkapu, M, Kobayashi, T, Matsubara, T, Nakadaira, T, Nakamura, K, Oyama, Y, Sakashita, K, Sekiguchi, T, Tsukamoto, T, Boschi, T, Di Lodovico, F, Gao, J, Goldsack, A, Katori, T, Migenda, J, Taani, M, Zsoldos, S, Kotsar, Y, Ozaki, H, Suzuki, AT, Takeuchi, Y, Yaamoto, S, Bronner, C, Feng, J, Kikawa, T, Mori, M, Nakaya, T, Wendell, RA, Yasutome, K, Jenkins, SJ, McCauley, N, Mehta, P, Tsui, KM, Fukuda, Y, Itow, Y, Menjo, H, Ninomiya, K, Lagoda, J, Lakshmi, SM, Mandal, M, Mijakowski, P, Prabhu, YS, Zalipska, J, Jia, M, Jiang, J, Jung, CK, Wilking, MJ, Yanagisawa, C, Harada, M, Ishino, H, Ito, S, Kitagawa, H, Koshio, Y, Ma, W, Nakanishi, F, Sakai, S, Barr, G, Barrow, D, Cook, L, Samani, S, Wark, D, Nova, F, Yang, JY, Malek, M, McElwee, JM, Stone, O, Thiesse, MD, Thompson, LF, Okazawa, H, Kim, SB, Seo, JW, Yu, I, Ichikawa, AK, Nakamura, KD, Tairafune, S, Nishijima, K, Iwamoto, K, Nakagiri, K, Nakajima, Y, Taniuchi, N, Yokoyama, M, Izumiyama, S, Kuze, M, Inomoto, M, Ishitsuka, M, Ito, H, Kinoshita, T, Matsumoto, R, Ommura, Y, Shigeta, N, Shinoki, M, Suganuma, T, Yonenaga, M, Martin, JF, Tanaka, HA, Towstego, T, Chen, S, Xu, BD, Zhang, B, Posiadala-Zezula, M, Hadley, D, Nicholson, M, Richards, B, Ali, A, Jamieson, B, Marti, Ll, Minamino, A, Pintaudi, G, Sano, S, Suzuki, S and Wada, K
(2022)
Pre-supernova Alert System for Super-Kamiokande.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 935 (1).
p. 40.
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Abstract
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>
<jats:p>In 2020, the Super-Kamiokande (SK) experiment moved to a new stage (SK-Gd) in which gadolinium (Gd) sulfate octahydrate was added to the water in the detector, enhancing the efficiency to detect thermal neutrons and consequently improving the sensitivity to low energy electron anti-neutrinos from inverse beta decay (IBD) interactions. SK-Gd has the potential to provide early alerts of incipient core-collapse supernovae through detection of electron anti-neutrinos from thermal and nuclear processes responsible for the cooling of massive stars before the gravitational collapse of their cores. These pre-supernova neutrinos emitted during the silicon burning phase can exceed the energy threshold for IBD reactions. We present the sensitivity of SK-Gd to pre-supernova stars and the techniques used for the development of a pre-supernova alarm based on the detection of these neutrinos in SK, as well as prospects for future SK-Gd phases with higher concentrations of Gd. For the current SK-Gd phase, high-confidence alerts for Betelgeuse could be issued up to 9 hr in advance of the core collapse itself.</jats:p>
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