Boyd, SE 
ORCID: 0000-0001-9935-5263, Holmes, A ORCID: 0000-0001-5554-5743, Peck, R ORCID: 0000-0003-1018-9655, Livermore, DM and Hope, W ORCID: 0000-0001-6187-878X
(2022)
OXA-48-Like β-Lactamases: Global Epidemiology, Treatment Options, and Development Pipeline
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 66 (8).
e0021622-.
ISSN 0066-4804, 1098-6596
Abstract
Modern medicine is threatened by the rising tide of antimicrobial resistance, especially among Gram-negative bacteria, where resistance to β-lactams is most often mediated by β-lactamases. The penicillin and cephalosporin ascendancies were, in their turn, ended by the proliferation of TEM penicillinases and CTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamases. These class A β-lactamases have long been considered the most important. For carbapenems, however, the threat is increasingly from the insidious rise of a class D carbapenemase, OXA-48, and its close relatives. Over the past 20 years, OXA-48 and “OXA-48-like” enzymes have proliferated to become the most prevalent enterobacterial carbapenemases across much of Europe, Northern Africa, and the Middle East. OXA-48-like enzymes are notoriously difficult to detect because they often cause only low-level in vitro resistance to carbapenems, meaning that the true burden is likely underestimated. Despite this, they are associated with carbapenem treatment failures. A highly conserved incompatibility complex IncL plasmid scaffold often carries bla<inf>OXA-48</inf> and may carry other antimicrobial resistance genes, leaving limited treatment options. High conjugation efficiency means that this plasmid is sometimes carried by multiple Enterobacterales in a single patient. Producers evade most β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, though promising agents have recently been licensed, notably ceftazidime-avibactam and cefiderocol. The molecular machinery enabling global spread, current treatment options, and the development pipeline of potential new therapies for Enterobacterales that produce OXA-48-like β-lactamases form the focus of this review.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | OXA-48 beta-lactamase, treatment, pharmacology, drug development, OXA-48, beta-lactamases, epidemiology |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Health & Life Sciences Faculty of Health & Life Sciences > Inst. Systems, Molec & Integrative Biology > Inst. Systems, Molec & Integrative Biology |
| Depositing User: | Symplectic Admin |
| Date Deposited: | 28 Oct 2022 14:51 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Jan 2026 21:53 |
| DOI: | 10.1128/aac.00216-22 |
| Open Access URL: | https://spiral.imperial.ac.uk/handle/10044/1/98647 |
| Related Websites: | |
| URI: | https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3165845 |
| Disclaimer: | The University of Liverpool is not responsible for content contained on other websites from links within repository metadata. Please contact us if you notice anything that appears incorrect or inappropriate. |
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