Phenotypic and functional changes of T cell subsets after CoronaVac vaccination

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Phoksawat, Wisitsak, Nithichanon, Arnone, Lerdsamran, Hatairat, Wongratanacheewin, Surasakdi, Meesing, Atibordee, Pipattanaboon, Chonlatip, Kanthawong, Sakawrat, Aromseree, Sirinart, Yordpratum, Umaporn, Laohaviroj, Marut et al (show 13 more authors) , Lulitanond, Viraphong, Chareonsudjai, Sorujsiri, Puthavathana, Pilaipan, Kamuthachad, Ludthawun, Kamsom, Chatcharin, Thapphan, Chakrit, Salao, Kanin, Chonlapan, Arunya, Nawawishkarun, Punnapat, Prasertsopon, Jarunee, Overgaard, Hans J, Edwards, Steven W ORCID: 0000-0002-7074-0552 and Phanthanawiboon, Supranee (2022) Phenotypic and functional changes of T cell subsets after CoronaVac vaccination. VACCINE, 40 (48). pp. 6963-6970.

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Abstract

<h4>Background</h4>The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major global public health concern and several protective vaccines, or preventive/therapeutic approaches have been developed. Sinovac-CoronaVac, an inactivated whole virus vaccine, can protect against severe COVID-19 disease and hospitalization, but less is known whether it elicits long-term T cell responses and provides prolonged protection.<h4>Methods</h4>This is a longitudinal surveillance study of SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific IgG levels, neutralizing antibody levels (NAb), T cell subsets and activation, and memory B cells of 335 participants who received two doses of CoronaVac. SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific IgG levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while NAb were measured against two strains of SARS-CoV-2, the Wuhan and Delta variants. Activated T cells and subsets were identified by flow cytometry. Memory B and T cells were evaluated by enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot (ELISpot).<h4>Findings</h4>Two doses of CoronaVac elicited serum anti-RBD antibody response, elevated B cells with NAb capacity and CD4⁺ T cell-, but not CD8⁺ T cell-responses. Among the CD4⁺ T cells, CoronaVac activated mainly Th2 (CD4⁺ T) cells. Serum antibody levels significantly declined three months after the second dose.<h4>Interpretation</h4>CoronaVac mainly activated B cells but T cells, especially Th1 cells, were poorly activated. Activated T cells were mainly Th2 biased, demonstrating development of effector B cells but not long-lasting memory plasma cells. Taken together, these results suggest that protection with CoronaVac is short-lived and that a third booster dose of vaccine may improve protection.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Antibody, CoranaVac, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, T cell subsets, Vaccine
Divisions:	Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences > Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	23 Jan 2023 08:40
Last Modified:	23 Jan 2023 08:42
DOI:	10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.017
Related URLs:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3167775