Design and Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Properties of a Ferroelectric Cyclophosphazene Salt

Deswal, Swati, Panday, Rishukumar, Naphade, Dipti R, Cazade, Pierre-Andre, Guerin, Sarah, Zareba, Jan K, Steiner, Alexander ORCID: 0000-0002-4315-6123, Ogale, Satishchandra, Anthopoulos, Thomas D and Boomishankar, Ramamoorthy (2023) Design and Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Properties of a Ferroelectric Cyclophosphazene Salt SMALL, 19 (46). e2300792-. ISSN 1613-6810, 1613-6829

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Abstract

Cyclophosphazenes offer a robust and easily modifiable platform for a diverse range of functional systems that have found applications in a wide variety of areas. Herein, for the first time, it reports an organophosphazene-based supramolecular ferroelectric [(PhCH<inf>2</inf>NH)<inf>6</inf>P<inf>3</inf>N<inf>3</inf>Me]I, [PMe]I. The compound crystallizes in the polar space group Pc and its thin-film sample exhibits remnant polarization of 5 µC cm⁻². Vector piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) measurements indicated the presence of multiaxial polarization. Subsequently, flexible composites of [PMe]I are fabricated for piezoelectric energy harvesting applications using thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as the matrix. The highest open-circuit voltages of 13.7 V and the maximum power density of 34.60 µW cm⁻² are recorded for the poled 20 wt.% [PMe]I/TPU device. To understand the molecular origins of the high performance of [PMe]I-based mechanical energy harvesting devices, piezoelectric charge tensor values are obtained from DFT calculations of the single crystal structure. These indicate that the mechanical stress-induced distortions in the [PMe]I crystals are facilitated by the high flexibility of the layered supramolecular assembly.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	cyclophosphazene, energy harvester, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, piezoresponse force microscopy
Divisions:	Faculty of Science & Engineering > School of Physical Sciences
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	15 Sep 2023 07:10
Last Modified:	24 Jan 2026 04:31
DOI:	10.1002/smll.202300792
Open Access URL:	https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/s...
Related Websites:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3172768
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