Stratigraphy and eruptive history of Gedemsa caldera volcano, Central Main Ethiopian Rift

Bedassa, Gemechu, Ayalew, Dereje, Getaneh, Worash, Fontijn, Karen, Emishaw, Luelseged, Melaku, Abate A, Tadesse, Amdemichael Z, Demissie, Zelalem S, Swindle, Andrew and Chamberlain, Katy J ORCID: 0000-0002-2010-6182 (2024) Stratigraphy and eruptive history of Gedemsa caldera volcano, Central Main Ethiopian Rift JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH, 446. 107987-. ISSN 0377-0273, 1872-6097

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Abstract

Gedemsa caldera is a peralkaline volcanic depression located in the Central sector of the Main Ethiopian Rift. An integrated volcanological study of stratigraphic sections was carried out in order to constrain the eruptive history of Gedemsa caldera volcano (GCV), Ethiopia. Textural analyses on plagioclase crystals together with field observations shed light on magma chamber processes feeding the volcanic complex. A multi-vent eruption is ascribed to the pre-caldera volcanic products, as can be seen from the varying caldera wall sequences comprising lavas and pyroclastic deposits. At least three major caldera-forming eruptions are identified producing: 1) a lower ignimbrite, 2) extensive pumice fall and pyroclastic density current deposits, and 3) an upper ignimbrite exposed in different areas of the caldera, indicating a sector collapse. We identified 20 individual pyroclastic deposits found outside and within the caldera that erupted after the climactic caldera collapse. The most recent volcanic activity at Gedemsa is characterized by rhyolitic lava domes and pyroclastic deposits from eruptions through numerous vents aligned with WNW-ESE pre-existing cross-cutting structures. Macrocryst disequilibrium textures such as fine-scale oscillatory zoning (FOZ), sieve textures, glomerocryst, and synneusis indicate that magma reservoir is characterized by repeated magma injection, convection flows, and mixing.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Main Ethiopian Rift, Gedemsa caldera, Eruptive history, Caldera-forming eruptions
Divisions:	Faculty of Science & Engineering > School of Environmental Sciences
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	15 Dec 2023 08:27
Last Modified:	16 Jun 2026 20:10
DOI:	10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2023.107987
Related Websites:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3177394
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