Measurement of the neutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasielastic cross section using atmospheric neutrinos in the SK-Gd experiment

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Sakai, S, Abe, K, Bronner, C, Hayato, Y, Hiraide, K, Hosokawa, K, Ieki, K, Ikeda, M, Kameda, J, Kanemura, Y et al (show 226 more authors) , Kaneshima, R, Kashiwagi, Y, Kataoka, Y, Miki, S, Mine, S, Miura, M, Moriyama, S, Nakano, Y, Nakahata, M, Nakayama, S, Noguchi, Y, Sato, K, Sekiya, H, Shiba, H, Shimizu, K, Shiozawa, M, Sonoda, Y, Suzuki, Y, Takeda, A, Takemoto, Y, Tanaka, H, Yano, T, Han, S, Kajita, T, Okumura, K, Tashiro, T, Tomiya, T, Wang, X, Yoshida, S, Fernandez, P, Labarga, L, Ospina, N, Zaldivar, B, Pointon, BW, Kearns, E, Raaf, JL, Wan, L, Wester, T, Bian, J, Griskevich, NJ, Locke, S, Smy, MB, Sobel, HW, Takhistov, V, Yankelevich, A, Hill, J, Jang, MC, Lee, SH, Moon, DH, Park, RG, Bodur, B, Scholberg, K, Walter, CW, Beauchêne, A, Drapier, O, Giampaolo, A, Mueller, Th A, Santos, AD, Paganini, P, Quilain, B, Nakamura, T, Jang, JS, Machado, LN, Learned, JG, Choi, K, Iovine, N, Cao, S, Anthony, LHV, Martin, D, Prouse, NW, Scott, M, Sztuc, AA, Uchida, Y, Berardi, V, Calabria, NF, Catanesi, MG, Radicioni, E, Langella, A, De Rosa, G, Collazuol, G, Iacob, F, Mattiazzi, M, Ludovici, L, Gonin, M, Pronost, G, Fujisawa, C, Maekawa, Y, Nishimura, Y, Okazaki, R, Akutsu, R, Friend, M, Hasegawa, T, Ishida, T, Kobayashi, T, Jakkapu, M, Matsubara, T, Nakadaira, T, Nakamura, K, Oyama, Y, Sakashita, K, Sekiguchi, T, Tsukamoto, T, Bhuiyan, N, Burton, GT, Di Lodovico, F, Gao, J, Goldsack, A, Katori, T, Migenda, J, Ramsden, RM, Xie, Z, Zsoldos, S, Suzuki, AT, Takagi, Y, Zhong, H, Takeuchi, Y, Feng, J, Feng, L, Hu, JR, Hu, Z, Kawaue, M, Kikawa, T, Mori, M, Nakaya, T, Wendell, RA, Yasutome, K, Jenkins, SJ ORCID: 0000-0002-0982-8141, McCauley, N ORCID: 0000-0002-5982-5125, Mehta, P, Tarant, A, Fukuda, Y, Itow, Y, Menjo, H, Ninomiya, K, Yoshioka, Y, Lagoda, J, Lakshmi, SM, Mandal, M, Mijakowski, P, Prabhu, YS, Zalipska, J, Jia, M, Jiang, J, Jung, CK, Shi, W, Wilking, MJ, Yanagisawa, C, Harada, M, Hino, Y, Ishino, H, Koshio, Y, Nakanishi, F, Tada, T, Tano, T, Ishizuka, T, Barr, G, Barrow, D, Cook, L, Samani, S, Wark, D, Holin, A, Nova, F, Jung, S, Yang, BS, Yang, JY, Yoo, J, Fannon, JEP, Kneale, L, Malek, M, McElwee, JM, Thiesse, MD, Thompson, LF, Wilson, ST, Okazawa, H, Kim, SB, Kwon, E, Seo, JW, Yu, I, Ichikawa, AK, Nakamura, KD, Tairafune, S, Nishijima, K, Eguchi, A, Nakagiri, K, Nakajima, Y, Shima, S, Taniuchi, N, Watanabe, E, Yokoyama, M, de Perio, P, Fujita, S, Martens, K, Tsui, KM, Vagins, MR, Xia, J, Izumiyama, S, Kuze, M, Matsumoto, R, Ishitsuka, M, Ito, H, Ommura, Y, Shigeta, N, Shinoki, M, Yamauchi, K, Yoshida, T, Gaur, R, Gousy-Leblanc, V, Hartz, M, Konaka, A, Li, X, Chen, S, Xu, BD, Zhang, B, Posiadala-Zezula, M, Boyd, SB, Edwards, R, Hadley, D, Nicholson, M, O’Flaherty, M, Richards, B, Ali, A, Jamieson, B, Amanai, S, Marti, Ll, Minamino, A and Suzuki, S (2024) Measurement of the neutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasielastic cross section using atmospheric neutrinos in the SK-Gd experiment Physical Review D, 109 (1). l011101-. ISSN 2470-0010, 2470-0029

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Abstract

We report the first measurement of the atmospheric neutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasielastic (NCQE) cross section in the gadolinium-loaded Super-Kamiokande (SK) water Cherenkov detector. In June 2020, SK began a new experimental phase, named SK-Gd, by loading 0.011% by mass of gadolinium into the ultrapure water of the SK detector. The introduction of gadolinium to ultrapure water has the effect of improving the neutron-tagging efficiency. Using a 552.2 day dataset from August 2020 to June 2022, we measure the NCQE cross section to be 0.74±0.22(stat)-0.15+0.85(syst)×10-38 cm2/oxygen in the energy range from 160 MeV to 10 GeV, which is consistent with the atmospheric neutrino-flux-averaged theoretical NCQE cross section and the measurement in the SK pure-water phase within the uncertainties. Furthermore, we compare the models of the nucleon-nucleus interactions in water and find that the binary cascade model and the Liège intranuclear cascade model provide a somewhat better fit to the observed data than the Bertini cascade model. Since the atmospheric neutrino-oxygen NCQE reactions are one of the main backgrounds in the search for diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB), these new results will contribute to future studies - and the potential discovery - of the DSNB in SK.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics, 51 Physical Sciences
Divisions:	Faculty of Science & Engineering > School of Physical Sciences
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	05 Feb 2024 09:21
Last Modified:	28 Feb 2026 00:46
DOI:	10.1103/physrevd.109.l011101
Open Access URL:	https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/Phys...
Related Websites:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3178382
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