Invisible Iterations: How Formal and Informal Organization Shape Knowledge Networks for Coordination

Brennecke, Julia ORCID: 0000-0001-8174-5212, Coutinho, James A, Gilding, Michael, Lusher, Dean and Schaffer, Graham (2025) Invisible Iterations: How Formal and Informal Organization Shape Knowledge Networks for Coordination JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, 62 (2). pp. 706-747. ISSN 0022-2380, 1467-6486

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Abstract

This study takes a network approach to investigate coordination among knowledge workers as grounded in both formal and informal organization. We first derive hypotheses regarding patterns of knowledge-sharing relationships by which workers pass on and exchange tacit and codified knowledge within and across organizational hierarchies to address the challenges that underpin contemporary knowledge work. We use survey data and apply exponential random graph models to test our hypotheses. We then extend the quantitative network analysis with insights from qualitative interviews and demonstrate that the identified knowledge-sharing patterns are the micro-foundational traces of collective coordination resulting from two underlying coordination mechanisms which we label ‘invisible iterations’ and ‘bringing in the big guns’. These mechanisms and, by extension, the associated knowledge-sharing patterns enable knowledge workers to perform in a setting that is characterized by complexity, uncertainty and ambiguity. Our research contributes to theory on the interplay between formal and informal organization for coordination by showing how self-directed, informal action is supported by the formal organizational hierarchy. In doing so, it also extends understanding of the role that hierarchy plays for knowledge-intensive work. Finally, it establishes the collective need to coordinate work as a previously overlooked driver of knowledge network relationships and network patterns.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	coordination, hierarchy, informal organization, knowledge sharing, multiplexity, social network
Divisions:	Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences > School of Management
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	25 Mar 2024 08:40
Last Modified:	16 Jun 2026 20:00
DOI:	10.1111/joms.13076
Related Websites:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3179842
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