Observation of charge-parity symmetry breaking in baryon decays

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Aaij, R, Abdelmotteleb, ASW, Beteta, C Abellan, Abudinen, F, Ackernley, T, Adefisoye, AA, Adeva, B, Adinolfi, M, Adlarson, P, Agapopoulou, C et al (show 1131 more authors) , Aidala, CA, Ajaltouni, Z, Akar, S, Akiba, K, Albicocco, P, Albrecht, J, Alessio, F, Alexander, M, Aliouche, Z, Cartelle, P Alvarez, Amalric, R, Amato, S, Amey, JL, Amhis, Y, An, L, Anderlini, L, Andersson, M, Andreianov, A, Andreola, P, Andreotti, M, Andreou, D, Anelli, A, Ao, D, Archilli, F, Argenton, M, Arguedas Cuendis, S, Artamonov, A, Artuso, M, Aslanides, E, Da Silva, R Ataide, Atzeni, M, Audurier, B, Bacher, D, Perea, I Bachiller, Bachmann, S, Bachmayer, M, Back, JJ, Baladron Rodriguez, P, Balagura, V, Balboni, A, Baldini, W, Balzani, L, Bao, H, Leite, J Baptista de Souza, Barbero Pretel, C, Barbetti, M, Barbosa, IR, Barlow, RJ, Barnyakov, M, Barsuk, S, Barter, W, Bartz, J, Basels, JM, Bashir, S, Batsukh, B, Battista, PB, Bay, A, Beck, A, Becker, M, Bedeschi, F, Bediaga, IB, Behling, NA, Belin, S, Belous, K, 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Dai, X, Dall'Occo, E, Dalseno, J, D'Ambrosio, C, Daniel, J, Danilina, A, d'Argent, P, Darze, G, Davidson, A, Davies, JE, Francisco, O De Aguiar, De Angelis, C, De Benedetti, F, de Boer, J, De Bruyn, K, De Capua, S, De Cian, M, De Freitas Carneiro Da Graca, U, De Lucia, E, De Miranda, JM, De Paula, L, De Serio, M, De Simone, P, De Vellis, F, de Vries, JA, Debernardis, F, Decamp, D, Dedu, V, Dekkers, S, Del Buono, L, Delaney, B, Dembinski, H-P, Deng, J, Denysenko, V, Deschamps, O, Dettori, F, Dey, B, Di Nezza, P, Diachkov, I, Didenko, S, Ding, S, Dittmann, L, Dobishuk, V, Docheva, AD, Dong, C, Donohoe, AM, Dordei, F, dos Reis, AC, Dowling, AD, Duan, W, Duda, P, Dudek, MW, Dufour, L, Duk, V, Durante, P, Duras, MM, Durham, JM, Durmus, OD, Dziurda, A, Dzyuba, A, Easo, S, Eckstein, E, Egede, U, Egorychev, A, Egorychev, V, Eisenhardt, S, Ejopu, E ORCID: 0000-0003-3711-7547, Eklund, L, Elashri, M, Ellbracht, J, Ely, S, Ene, A, Eschle, J, Esen, S, Evans, T, Fabiano, F, Faghih, S, Falcao, LN, 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Gligorov, VV, Gobel, C, Golinka-Bezshyyko, L, Golobardes, E, Golubkov, D, Golutvin, A, Gomez Fernandez, S, Gomulka, W, Abrantes, F Goncalves, Goncerz, M, Gong, G, Gooding, JA, Gorelov, IV, Gotti, C, Govorkova, E, Grabowski, JP, Cardoso, LA Granado, Grauges, E, Graverini, E, Grazette, L, Graziani, G, Grecu, AT, Greeven, LM, Grieser, NA, Grillo, L, Gromov, S, Gu, C, Guarise, M, Guerry, L, Guliaeva, V, Guenther, PA, Guseinov, A-K, Gushchin, E, Guz, Y, Gys, T, Habermann, K, Hadavizadeh, T, Hadjivasiliou, C, Haefeli, G, Haen, C, Hallett, G, Halvorsen, MM, Hamilton, PM, Hammerich, J, Han, Q, Han, X, Hansmann-Menzemer, S, Hao, L, Harnew, N, Harris, TH, Hartmann, M, Hashmi, S, He, J, Hemmer, F, Henderson, C, Henderson, RDL, Hennequin, AM, Hennessy, K ORCID: 0000-0002-1529-8087, Henry, L, Herd, J, Gascon, P Herrero, Heuel, J, Hicheur, A, Mendizabal, G Hijano, Horswill, J, Hou, R, Hou, Y, Howarth, N, Hu, J, Hu, W, Hu, X, Huang, W, Hulsbergen, W, Hunter, RJ, Hushchyn, M, Hutchcroft, D ORCID: 0000-0002-4174-6509, Idzik, M, Ilin, D, Ilten, P, Inglessi, A, Iniukhin, A, Ishteev, A, Ivshin, K, Jacobsson, R, Jage, H, Jaimes Elles, SJ, Jakobsen, S, Jans, E, Jashal, BK, Jawahery, A, Jevtic, V, Jiang, E, Jiang, X, Jiang, Y, Jiang, YJ, John, M, Rajan, A John Rubesh, Johnson, D, Jones, CR, Jones, TP, Joshi, S, Jost, B, Castella, J Juan, Jurik, N, Juszczak, I, Kaminaris, D, Kandybei, S, Kane, M, Kang, Y, Kar, C, Karacson, M, Karpenkov, D, Kauniskangas, A, Kautz, JW, Kazanecki, MK, Keizer, F, Kenzie, M, Ketel, T, Khanji, B, Kharisova, A, Kholodenko, S, Khreich, G, Kirn, T, Kirsebom, VS, Kitouni, O, Klaver, S, Kleijne, N, Klimaszewski, K, Kmiec, MR, Koliiev, S, Kolk, L, Konoplyannikov, A, Kopciewicz, P, Koppenburg, P, Korchin, A, Korolev, M, Kostiuk, I, Kot, O, Kotriakhova, S, Kozachuk, A, Kravchenko, P, Kravchuk, L, Kreps, M, Krokovny, P, Krupa, W, Krzemien, W, Kshyvanskyi, O, Kubis, S, Kucharczyk, M, Kudryavtsev, V, Kulikova, E, Kupsc, A, Kutsenko, BK, Kyryllin, I, Lacarrere, D, 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A, Maltsev, T, Manca, G, Mancinelli, G, Mancuso, C, Manera Escalero, R, Manganella, FM, Manuzzi, D, Marangotto, D, Marchand, JF, Marchevski, R, Marconi, U, Mariani, E, Mariani, S, Marin Benito, C, Marks, J, Marshall, AM, Martel, L, Martelli, G, Martellotti, G, Martinazzoli, L, Martinelli, M, Gomez, D Martinez, Martinez Santos, D, Martinez Vidal, F, Martorell i Granollers, A, Massafferri, A, Matev, R, Mathad, A, Matiunin, V, Matteuzzi, C, Mattioli, KR, Mauri, A, Maurice, E, Mauricio, J, Mayencourt, P, Mazorra de Cos, J, Mazurek, M, McCann, M, McGrath, TH, McHugh, NT, McNab, A, McNulty, R, Meadows, B, Meier, G, Melnychuk, D, Meng, FM, Merk, M, Merli, A, Meyer Garcia, L, Miao, D, Miao, H, Mikhasenko, M, Milanes, DA, Minotti, A, Minucci, E, Miralles, T, Mitreska, B, Mitzel, DS, Modak, A, Moeser, L, Mohammed, RA, Moise, RD, Molina Cardenas, EF, Mombacher, T, Monk, M, Monteil, S, Morcillo Gomez, A, Morello, G, Morello, MJ, Morgenthaler, MP, Moron, J, Morren, W, Morris, AB, Morris, AG, Mountain, R, Mu, H, Mu, ZM, Muhammad, E, Muheim, F, Mulder, M, Mueller, K, Munoz-Rojas, F, Murta, R, Mytrochenko, V, Naik, P ORCID: 0000-0001-6977-2971, Nakada, T, Nandakumar, R, Nanut, T, Nasteva, I, Needham, M, Nekrasova, E, Neri, N, Neubert, S, Neufeld, N, Neustroev, P, Nicolini, J, Nicotra, D, Niel, EM, Nikitin, N, Niu, Q, Nogarolli, P, Nogga, P, Normand, C, Novoa Fernandez, J, Nowak, G, Nunez, C, Nur, HN, Oblakowska-Mucha, A, Obraztsov, V, Oeser, T, Okamura, S, Okhotnikov, A, Okhrimenko, O, Oldeman, R, Oliva, F, Olocco, M, Onderwater, CJG, O'Neil, RH, Osthues, D, Otalora Goicochea, JM, Owen, P, Oyanguren, A, Ozcelik, O, Paciolla, F, Padee, A, Padeken, KO, Pagare, B, Pajero, T, Palano, A, Palutan, M, Pan, X, Panshin, G, Paolucci, L, Papanestis, A, Pappagallo, M, Pappalardo, LL, Pappenheimer, C, Parkes, C, Parmar, D, Passalacqua, B, Passaleva, G, Passaro, D, Pastore, A, Patel, M, Patoc, J, Patrignani, C, Paul, A, Pawley, CJ, Pellegrino, A, Peng, JP, Altarelli, M Pepe, Perazzini, S, Pereima, D, Da Costa, H Pereira, Pereiro Castro, A, Perret, P, Perrevoort, A, Perro, A, Peters, MJ, Petridis, K, Petrolini, A, Pfaller, JP, Pham, H, Pica, L, Piccini, M, Piccolo, L, Pietrzyk, B, Pietrzyk, G, Pilato, RN ORCID: 0000-0002-4325-7530, Pinci, D, Pisani, F, Pizzichemi, M, Placinta, V, Plo Casasus, M, Poeschl, T, Polci, F, Lener, M Poli, Poluektov, A, Polukhina, N, Polyakov, I, Polycarpo, E, Ponce, S, Popov, D, Poslavskii, S, Prasanth, K, Prouve, C, Provenzano, D, Pugatch, V, Punzi, G, Qasim, S, Qian, QQ, Qian, W, Qin, N, Qu, S, Quagliani, R, Trejo, RI Rabadan, Rademacker, JH, Rama, M, Garcia, M Ramirez, Ramos De Oliveira, V, Pernas, M Ramos, Rangel, MS, Ratnikov, F, Raven, G, Rebollo De Miguel, M, Redi, F, Reich, J, Reiss, F, Ren, Z, Resmi, PK, Ribalda Galvez, M, Ribatti, R, Ricart, GR, Riccardi, D, Ricciardi, S, Richardson, K, Richardson-Slipper, M, Rinnert, K, Robbe, P, Robertson, G, Rodrigues, E, Rodriguez Alvarez, A, Rodriguez Fernandez, E, Rodriguez Lopez, JA, Rodriguez, E Rodriguez, Roensch, J, Rogachev, A, Rogovskiy, A, Rolf, DL, Roloff, P, Romanovskiy, V, Romero Vidal, A, Romolini, G, Ronchetti, F, Rong, T, Rotondo, M, Roy, SR, Rudolph, MS, Diaz, M Ruiz, Ruiz Fernandez, RA, Vidal, J Ruiz, Ryzka, J, Saavedra-Arias, JJ, Saborido Silva, JJ, Sadek, R, Sagidova, N, Sahoo, D, Sahoo, N, Saitta, B, Salomoni, M, Sanderswood, I, Santacesaria, R, Santamarina Rios, C, Santimaria, M, Santoro, L, Santovetti, E, Saputi, A, Saranin, D, Sarnatskiy, A, Sarpis, G, Sarpis, M, Satriano, C, Satta, A, Saur, M, Savrina, D, Sazak, H, Sborzacchi, F, Scarabotto, A, Schael, S, Scherl, S, Schiller, M, Schindler, H, Schmelling, M, Schmidt, B, Schmitt, S, Schmitz, H, Schneider, O, Schopper, A, Schulte, N, Schulte, S, Schune, MH, Schwering, G, Sciascia, B, Sciuccati, A, Segal, I, Sellam, S, Semennikov, A, Senger, T, Soares, M Senghi, Sergi, A, Serra, N, Sestini, L, Seuthe, A, Shang, Y, Shangase, DM, Shapkin, M, Sharma, RS, Shchemerov, I, Shchutska, L, Shears, T ORCID: 0000-0002-2653-1366, Shekhtman, L, Shen, Z, Sheng, S, Shevchenko, V, Shi, B, Shi, Q, Shimizu, Y, Shmanin, E, Shorkin, R, Shupperd, JD, Coutinho, R Silva, Simi, G, Simone, S, Singha, M, Skidmore, N, Skwarnicki, T, Slater, MW, Smith, E, Smith, K, Smith, M, Snoch, A, Lavra, L Soares, Sokoloff, MD, Soler, FJP, Solomin, A, Solovev, A, Solovyev, I, Sommerfeld, NS, Song, R, Song, Y, Song, YS, De Almeida, FL Souza, Souza De Paula, B, Norella, E Spadaro, Spedicato, E, Speer, JG, Spiridenkov, E, Spradlin, P, Sriskaran, V, Stagni, F, Stahl, M, Stahl, S, Stanislaus, S, Stefaniak, M, Stein, EN, Steinkamp, O, Stenyakin, O, Stevens, H, Strekalina, D, Su, Y, Suljik, F, Sun, J, Sun, L, Sundfeld, D, Sutcliffe, W, Swientek, K, Swystun, F, Szabelski, A, Szumlak, T, Tan, Y, Tang, Y, Tat, MD, Terentev, A, Terzuoli, F, Teubert, F, Thomas, E, Thompson, DJD, Tilquin, H, Tisserand, V, T'Jampens, S, Tobin, M, Tomassetti, L, Tonani, G, Tong, X, Tork, T, Torres Machado, D, Toscano, L, Tou, DY, Trippl, C, Tuci, G, 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Williams, Z, Wilson, FF, Winn, M, Wislicki, W, Witek, M, Witola, L, Wormser, G, Wotton, SA, Wu, H, Wu, J, Wu, X, Wu, Y, Wu, Z, Wyllie, K, Xian, S, Xiang, Z, Xie, Y, Xing, TX, Xu, A, Xu, L, Xu, M, Xu, Z, Yang, K, Yang, S, Yang, X, Yang, Y, Yang, Z, Yeroshenko, V, Yeung, H, Yin, H, Yin, X, Yu, CY, Yu, J, Yuan, X, Yuan, Y, Zaffaroni, E, Zavertyaev, M, Zdybal, M, Zenesini, F, Zeng, C, Zeng, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, D, Zhang, J, Zhang, L, Zhang, S, Zhang, Y, Zhang, YZ, Zhang, Z, Zhao, Y, Zhelezov, A, Zheng, SZ, Zheng, XZ, Zheng, Y, Zhou, T, Zhou, X, Zhou, Y, Zhovkovska, V, Zhu, LZ, Zhu, X, Zhukov, V, Zhuo, J, Zou, Q, Zuliani, D and Zunica, G (2025) Observation of charge-parity symmetry breaking in baryon decays NATURE, 643 (8074). 1223-+. ISSN 0028-0836, 1476-4687

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Abstract

The Standard Model of particle physics—the theory of particles and interactions at the smallest scale—predicts that matter and antimatter interact differently due to violation of the combined symmetry of charge conjugation (C) and parity (P). Charge conjugation transforms particles into their antimatter particles, whereas the parity transformation inverts spatial coordinates. This prediction applies to both mesons, which consist of a quark and an antiquark, and baryons, which are composed of three quarks. However, despite having been discovered in various meson decays, CP violation has yet to be observed in baryons, the type of matter that makes up the observable Universe. Here we report a study of the decay of the beauty baryon Λ0b to the pK⁻π⁺π⁻ final state, which proceeds through b → u or b → s quark-level transitions, and its CP-conjugated process, using data collected by the Large Hadron Collider beauty experiment¹ at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). The results reveal significant asymmetries between the decay rates of the Λ0b baryon and its CP-conjugated antibaryon, providing, to our knowledge, the first observation of CP violation in baryon decays and demonstrating the different behaviours of baryons and antibaryons. In the Standard Model, CP violation arises from the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa mechanism², and new forces or particles beyond the Standard Model could provide further contributions. This discovery opens a new path in the search for physics beyond the Standard Model.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	LHCb Collaboration
Divisions:	Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences Faculty of Science & Engineering Faculty of Science & Engineering > School of Engineering Faculty of Science & Engineering > School of Physical Sciences Faculty of Science & Engineering > School of Physical Sciences > Physics Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences > School of the Arts Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences > School of the Arts > Architecture Faculty of Science & Engineering > School of Engineering > Civil and Environmental Engineering
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	13 Oct 2025 08:00
Last Modified:	23 May 2026 10:25
DOI:	10.1038/s41586-025-09119-3
Related Websites:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3194813
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