Deuteron identification via time of flight with LHCb

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Aaij, R, Abdelmotteleb, ASW, Beteta, C Abellan, Abudinen, F, Ackernley, T, Adefisoye, AA, Adeva, B, Adinolfi, M, Adlarson, P, Agapopoulou, C et al (show 1120 more authors) , Aidala, CA, Ajaltouni, Z, Akar, S, Akiba, K, Albicocco, P, Albrecht, J, Alessio, F, Alexander, M, Aliouche, Z, Cartelle, P Alvarez, Amalric, R, Amato, S, Andreola, P, Andreotti, M, Anelli, A, Ao, D, Arata, C, Archilli, F, Areg, Z, Argenton, M, Arguedas Cuendis, S, Arnone, L, Artamonov, A, Artuso, M, Aslanides, E, Da Silva, R Ataide, Atzeni, M, Audurier, B, Authier, JA, Bacher, D, Perea, I Bachiller, Bachmann, S, Bachmayer, M, Back, JJ, Baladron Rodriguez, P, Balagura, V, Balboni, A, Baldini, W, Baldwin, Z, Balzani, L, Bao, H, Leite, J Baptista de Souza, Barbero Pretel, C, Barbetti, M, Barbosa, IR, Barlow, RJ, Barnyakov, M, Barsuk, S, Barter, W, Bartz, J, Bashir, S, Batsukh, B, Battista, PB, Bay, A, Beck, A, Becker, M, Bedeschi, F, Bediaga, IB, Behling, NA, Belin, S, Bellavista, A, Belous, K, Belov, I, Belyaev, I, Benane, G, Bencivenni, G, Ben-Haim, E, Berezhnoy, A, Bernet, R, Bernet Andres, S, Bertolin, A, Betti, F, Bex, J, Bezshyiko, Ia, Bhom, J, Bieker, MS, Biesuz, NV, Biolchini, A, Birch, M, Bishop, FCR, Bitadze, A, Bizzeti, A, Blake, T, Blanc, F, Blank, JE, Blusk, S, Bocharnikov, V, Boelhauve, JA, Garcia, O Boente, Boettcher, T, Bohare, A, Boldyrev, A, Bolognani, CS, Bolzonella, R, Bonacci, RB, Bondar, N, Bordelius, A, Borgato, F, Borghi, S, Borsato, M, Borsuk, JT, Bottalico, E ORCID: 0000-0003-2238-8803, Bouchiba, SA, Bovill, M, Bowcock, TJV ORCID: 0000-0002-3505-6915, Boyer, A, Bozzi, C, Brandenburg, JD, Rodriguez, A Brea, Breer, N, Brodzicka, J, Brossa Gonzalo, A, Brown, J, Brundu, D, Buchanan, E, Marcos, M Burgos, Burke, AT, Burr, C, Buti, C, Butter, JS, Buytaert, J, Byczynski, W, Cadeddu, S, Cai, H, Cai, Y, Caillet, AC, Calabrese, R, Calderon Ramirez, S, Calefice, L, Calvi, M, Calvo Gomez, M, Camargo Magalhaes, P, Cambon Bouzas, JI, Campana, P, Perez, DH Campora, Quezada, AF Campoverde, Capelli, S, Caporale, M, Capriotti, L, Caravaca-Mora, R, Carbone, A, Carcedo Salgado, L, Cardinale, R, Cardini, A, Carniti, P, Carus, L, Vidal, A Casais, Caspary, R, Casse, G ORCID: 0000-0002-8516-237X, Cattaneo, M, Cavallero, G, Cavallini, V, Celani, S, Celestino, I, Cesare, S, Lopes, F Cesario Laterza, Chadwick, AJ, Chahrour, I, Chang, H, Charles, M, Charpentier, Ph, Chatzianagnostou, E, Cheaib, R, Chefdeville, M, Chen, C, Chen, J, Chen, S, Chen, Z, Cherif, M, Chernov, A, Chernyshenko, S, Chiotopoulos, X, Chobanova, V, Chrzaszcz, M, Chubykin, A, Chulikov, V, Ciambrone, P, Cid Vidal, X, Ciezarek, G, Cifra, P, Clarke, PEL, Clemencic, M, Cliff, HV, Closier, J, Toapaxi, C Cocha, Coco, V, Cogan, J, Cogneras, E, Cojocariu, L, Collaviti, S, Collins, P, Colombo, T, Colonna, M, Comerma-Montells, A, Congedo, L, Connaughton, J, Contu, A, Cooke, N, Cordova, G, Coronel, C, Corredoira, I, Correia, A, Corti, G, Meldrum, JJ Cottee, Couturier, B, Craik, DC, Torres, M Cruz, Rivera, E Curras, Currie, R, Da Silva, CL, Dadabaev, S, Dai, L, Dai, X, Dall'Occo, E, Dalseno, J, D'Ambrosio, C, Daniel, J, d'Argent, P, Darze, G, Davidson, A, Davies, JE, Francisco, O De Aguiar, De Angelis, C, De Benedetti, F, de Boer, J, De Bruyn, K, De Capua, S, De Cian, M, De Freitas Carneiro Da Graca, U, De Lucia, E, De Miranda, JM, De Paula, L, De Serio, M, De Simone, P, De Vellis, F, de Vries, JA, Debernardis, F, Decamp, D, Dekkers, S, Del Buono, L, Delaney, B, Dembinski, H-P, Deng, J, Denysenko, V, Deschamps, O, Dettori, F, Dey, B, Di Nezza, P, Diachkov, I, Didenko, S, Ding, S, Ding, Y, Dittmann, L, Dobishuk, V, Docheva, AD, Doheny, A, Dong, C, Donohoe, AM, Dordei, F, dos Reis, AC, Dowling, AD, Dreyfus, L, Duan, W, Duda, P, Dufour, L, Duk, V, Durante, P, Duras, MM, Durham, JM, Durmus, OD, Dziurda, A, Dzyuba, A, Easo, S, Eckstein, E, Egede, U, Egorychev, A, Egorychev, V, Eisenhardt, S, Ejopu, E ORCID: 0000-0003-3711-7547, Eklund, L, Elashri, M, Ellbracht, J, Ely, S, Ene, A, Eschle, J, Esen, S, Evans, T, Fabiano, F, Faghih, S, Falcao, LN, Fang, B, Fantechi, R, Fantini, L, Faria, M, Farmer, K, Fazzini, D, Felkowski, L, Feng, M, Feo, M, Fernandez Casani, A, Fernandez Gomez, M, Fernez, AD, Ferrari, F, Ferreira Rodrigues, F, Ferrillo, M, Ferro-Luzzi, M, Filippov, S, Fini, RA, Fiorini, M, Firlej, M, Fischer, KL, Fitzgerald, DS, Fitzpatrick, C, Fiutowski, T, Fleuret, F, Fomin, A, Fontana, M, Foreman, LF, Forty, R, Foulds-Holt, D, Franco Lima, V, Sevilla, M Franco, Frank, M, Franzoso, E, Frau, G, Frei, C, Friday, DA, Fu, J, Fuehring, Q, Fulghesu, T, Galati, G, Galati, MD, Gallas Torreira, A, Galli, D, Gambetta, S, Gandelman, M, Gandini, P, Ganie, B, Gao, H, Gao, R, Gao, TQ, Gao, Y, Gao, Y, Gao, Y, Martin, LM Garcia, Garcia Moreno, P, Pardinas, J Garcia, Gardner, P, Garg, KG, Garrido, L, Gaspar, C, Gavrikov, A, Gerken, LL, Gersabeck, E, Gersabeck, M, Gershon, T, Ghizzo, S, Ghorbanimoghaddam, Z, Giasemis, FI, Gibson, V, Giemza, HK, Gilman, AL, Giovannetti, M, Gioventu, A, Girardey, L, Giza, MA, Glaser, FC, Gligorov, VV, Gobel, C, Golobardes, E, Golubkov, D, Golutvin, A, Gomez Fernandez, S, Gomulka, W, Vaz, I Goncales, Abrantes, F Goncalves, Goncerz, M, Gong, G, Gooding, JA, Gorelov, IV, Gotti, C, Govorkova, E, Grabowski, JP, Cardoso, LA Granado, Grauges, E, Graverini, E, Grazette, L, Graziani, G, Grecu, AT, Grieser, NA, Grillo, L, Gromov, S, Gu, C, Guarise, M, Guerry, L, Guliaeva, V, Guenther, PA, Guseinov, A-K, Gushchin, E, Guz, Y, Gys, T, Habermann, K, Hadavizadeh, T, Hadjivasiliou, C, Haefeli, G, Haen, C, Haken, S, Hallett, G, Hamilton, PM, Hammerich, J, Han, Q, Han, X, Hansmann-Menzemer, S, Hao, L, Harnew, N, Harris, TH, Hartmann, M, Hashmi, S, He, J, Hemmer, F, Henderson, C, Henderson, RDL, Hennequin, AM, Hennessy, K ORCID: 0000-0002-1529-8087, Henry, L, Herd, J, Gascon, P Herrero, Heuel, J, Hicheur, A, Mendizabal, G Hijano, Horswill, J, Hou, R, Hou, Y, Howarth, N, Hu, J, Hu, W, Hu, X, Hulsbergen, W, Hunter, RJ, Hushchyn, M, Hutchcroft, D ORCID: 0000-0002-4174-6509, Idzik, M, Ilin, D, Ilten, P, Iniukhin, A, Ishteev, A, Ivshin, K, Jacobsson, R, Jage, H, Elles, SJ Jaimes, Jakobsen, S, Jans, E, Jashal, BK, Jawahery, A, Jevtic, V, Jiang, E, Jiang, X, Jiang, Y, Jiang, YJ, John, M, Rajan, A John Rubesh, Johnson, D, Jones, CR, Joshi, S, Jost, B, Castella, J Juan, Jurik, N, Juszczak, I, Kaminaris, D, Kandybei, S, Kane, M, Kang, Y, Kar, C, Karacson, M, Kauniskangas, A, Kautz, JW, Kazanecki, MK, Keizer, F, Kenzie, M, Ketel, T, Khanji, B, Kharisova, A, Kholodenko, S, Khreich, G, Kirn, T, Kirsebom, VS, Kitouni, O, Klaver, S, Kleijne, N, Klimaszewski, K, Kmiec, MR, Koliiev, S, Kolk, L, Konoplyannikov, A, Kopciewicz, P, Koppenburg, P, Korolev, M, Kostiuk, I, Kot, O, Kotriakhova, S, Kozachuk, A, Kravchenko, P, Kravchuk, L, Kreps, M, Krokovny, P, Krupa, W, Krzemien, W, Kshyvanskyi, O, Kubis, S, Kucharczyk, M, Kudryavtsev, V, Kulikova, E, Kupsc, A, Kutsenko, BK, Lacarrere, D, Laguarta Gonzalez, P, Lai, A, Lampis, A, Lancierini, D, Landesa Gomez, C, Lane, JJ, Lanfranchi, G, Langenbruch, C, Langer, J, Lantwin, O, Latham, T, Lazzari, F, Lazzeroni, C, Le Gac, R, Lee, H, Lefevre, R, Leflat, A, Legotin, S, Lehuraux, M, Cid, E Lemos, Leroy, O, Lesiak, T, Lesser, ED, Leverington, B, Li, A, Li, C, Li, H, Li, K, Li, L, Li, M, Li, P, Li, P-R, Li, Q, Li, T, Li, T, Li, Y, Li, Y, Lian, Z, Liang, X, Libralon, S, Lin, C, Lin, T, Lindner, R, Linton, H, Litvinov, R, Liu, FL, Liu, G, Liu, K, Liu, S, Liu, W, Liu, Y, Liu, Y, Liu, YL, Loachamin Ordonez, G, Lobo Salvia, A, Loi, A, Long, T, Lopes, JH, Lopez Huertas, A, Lopez Solino, S, Lu, Q, Lucarelli, C, Lucchesi, D, Martinez, M Lucio, Luo, Y, Lupato, A, Luppi, E, Lynch, K, Lyu, X-R, Ma, GM, Maccolini, S, Machefert, F, Maciuc, F, Mack, B, Mackay, I, Mackey, LM, Mohan, LR Madhan, Madurai, MJ, Magdalinski, D, Maisuzenko, D, Malczewski, JJ, Malde, S, Malentacca, L, Malinin, A, Maltsev, T, Manca, G, Mancinelli, G, Mancuso, C, Manera Escalero, R, Manganella, FM, Manuzzi, D, Marangotto, D, Marchand, JF, Marchevski, R, Marconi, U, Mariani, E, Mariani, S, Marin Benito, C, Marks, J, Marshall, AM, Martel, L, Martelli, G, Martellotti, G, Martinazzoli, L, Martinelli, M, Gomez, D Martinez, Martinez Santos, D, Martinez Vidal, F, Martorell i Granollers, A, Massafferri, A, Matev, R, Mathad, A, Matiunin, V, Matteuzzi, C, Mattioli, KR, Mauri, A, Maurice, E, Mauricio, J, Mayencourt, P, Mazorra de Cos, J, Mazurek, M, McCann, M, McGrath, TH, McHugh, NT, McNab, A, McNulty, R, Meadows, B, Meier, G, Melnychuk, D, Meng, FM, Merk, M, Merli, A, Garcia, L Meyer, Miao, D, Miao, H, Mikhasenko, M, Milanes, DA, Minotti, A, Minucci, E, Miralles, T, Mitreska, B, Mitzel, DS, Modak, A, Moeser, L, Moise, RD, Cardenas, EF Molina, Mombacher, T, Monk, M, Monteil, S, Morcillo Gomez, A, Morello, G, Morello, MJ, Morgenthaler, MP, Moron, J, Morren, W, Morris, AB, Morris, AG, Mountain, R, Mu, H, Mu, ZM, Muhammad, E, Muheim, F, Mulder, M, Mueller, K, Munoz-Rojas, F, Murta, R, Naik, P ORCID: 0000-0001-6977-2971, Nakada, T, Nandakumar, R, Nanut, T, Nasteva, I, Needham, M, Neri, N, Neubert, S, Neufeld, N, Neustroev, P, Nicolini, J, Nicotra, D, Niel, EM, Nikitin, N, Niu, Q, Nogarolli, P, Nogga, P, Normand, C, Novoa Fernandez, J, Nowak, G, Nunez, C, Nur, HN, Oblakowska-Mucha, A, Obraztsov, V, Oeser, T, Okhotnikov, A, Okhrimenko, O, Oldeman, R, Oliva, F, Olocco, M, Onderwater, CJG, O'Neil, RH, Osthues, D, Otalora Goicochea, JM, Owen, P, Oyanguren, A, Ozcelik, O, Paciolla, F, Padee, A, Padeken, KO, Pagare, B, Pajero, T, Palano, A, Palutan, M, Pan, X, Panshin, G, Paolucci, L, Papanestis, A, Pappagallo, M, Pappalardo, LL, Pappenheimer, C, Parkes, C, Parmar, D, Passalacqua, B, Passaleva, G, Passaro, D, Pastore, A, Patel, M, Patoc, J, Patrignani, C, Paul, A, Pawley, CJ, Pellegrino, A, Peng, J, Altarelli, M Pepe, Perazzini, S, Pereima, D, Da Costa, H Pereira, Pereiro Castro, A, Perret, P, Perrevoort, A, Perro, A, Peters, MJ, Petridis, K, Petrolini, A, Pfaller, JP, Pham, H, Pica, L, Piccini, M, Piccolo, L, Pietrzyk, B, Pietrzyk, G, Pilato, RN ORCID: 0000-0002-4325-7530, Pinci, D, Pisani, F, Pizzichemi, M, Placinta, V, Plo Casasus, M, Poeschl, T, Polci, F, Lener, M Poli, Poluektov, A, Polukhina, N, Polyakov, I, Polycarpo, E, Ponce, S, Popov, D, Poslavskii, S, Prasanth, K, Prouve, C, Provenzano, D, Pugatch, V, Punzi, G, Qasim, S, Qian, QQ, Qian, W, Qin, N, Qu, S, Quagliani, R, Trejo, RI Rabadan, Rademacker, JH, Rama, M, Garcia, M Ramirez, Ramos De Oliveira, V, Pernas, M Ramos, Rangel, MS, Ratnikov, F, Raven, G, De Miguel, M Rebollo, Redi, F, Reich, J, Reiss, F, Ren, Z, Resmi, PK, Ribatti, R, Ricart, GR, Riccardi, D, Ricciardi, S, Richardson, K, Richardson-Slipper, M, Rinnert, K, Robbe, P, Robertson, G, Rodrigues, E, Rodriguez Alvarez, A, Rodriguez Fernandez, E, Rodriguez Lopez, JA, Rodriguez, E Rodriguez, Roensch, J, Rogachev, A, Rogovskiy, A, Rolf, DL, Roloff, P, Romanovskiy, V, Romero Vidal, A, Romolini, G, Ronchetti, F, Rong, T, Rotondo, M, Roy, SR, Rudolph, MS, Diaz, M Ruiz, Ruiz Fernandez, RA, Vidal, J Ruiz, Saavedra-Arias, JJ, Saborido Silva, JJ, Sagidova, N, Sahoo, D, Sahoo, N, Saitta, B, Salomoni, M, Sanderswood, I, Santacesaria, R, Santamarina Rios, C, Santimaria, M, Santoro, L, Santovetti, E, Saputi, A, Saranin, D, Sarnatskiy, A, Sarpis, G, Sarpis, M, Satriano, C, Saur, M, Savrina, D, Sazak, H, Sborzacchi, F, Scarabotto, A, Schael, S, Scherl, S, Schiller, M, Schindler, H, Schmelling, M, Schmidt, B, Schmitt, S, Schmitz, H, Schneider, O, Schopper, A, Schulte, N, Schulte, S, Schune, MH, Schwering, G, Sciascia, B, Sciuccati, A, Segal, I, Sellam, S, Semennikov, A, Senger, T, Soares, M Senghi, Sergi, A, Serra, N, Sestini, L, Seuthe, A, Shang, Y, Shangase, DM, Shapkin, M, Sharma, RS, Shchemerov, I, Shchutska, L, Shears, T ORCID: 0000-0002-2653-1366, Shekhtman, L, Shen, Z, Sheng, S, Shevchenko, V, Shi, B, Shi, Q, Shimizu, Y, Shmanin, E, Shorkin, R, Shupperd, JD, Coutinho, R Silva, Simi, G, Simone, S, Skidmore, N, Skwarnicki, T, Slater, MW, 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Gomez, R, Vazquez Regueiro, P, Vazquez Sierra, C, Vecchi, S, Velthuis, JJ, Veltri, M, Venkateswaran, A, Verdoglia, M, Vesterinen, M, Benet, D Vico, Vidrier Villalba, P, Vieites Diaz, M, Vilasis-Cardona, X, Figueras, E Vilella, Villa, A, Vincent, P, Volle, FC, vom Bruch, D, Voropaev, N, Vos, K, Vrahas, C, Wagner, J, Walsh, J, Walton, EJ, Wan, G, Wang, C, Wang, G, Wang, H, Wang, J, Wang, J, Wang, J, Wang, J, Wang, M, Wang, NW, Wang, R, Wang, X, Wang, X, Wang, XW, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wang, Z, Ward, JA, Waterlaat, M, Watson, NK, Websdale, D, Wei, Y, Wendel, J, Westhenry, BDC, White, C, Whitehead, M, Whiter, E, Wiederhold, AR, Wiedner, D, Wilkinson, G, Wilkinson, MK, Williams, M, Williams, MJ, Williams, MRJ, Williams, R, Williams, Z, Wilson, FF, Winn, M, Wislicki, W, Witek, M, Witola, L, Wormser, G, Wotton, SA, Wu, H, Wu, J, Wu, X, Wu, Y, Wu, Z, Wyllie, K, Xian, S, Xiang, Z, Xie, Y, Xing, TX, Xu, A, Xu, LX, Xu, L, Xu, M, Xu, Z, Xu, Z, Xu, Z, Yang, K, Yang, S, Yang, X, Yang, Y, Yang, Z, Yeroshenko, V, Yeung, H, Yin, H, Yin, X, Yu, CY, Yu, J, Yuan, X, Yuan, Y, Zaffaroni, E, Zavertyaev, M, Zdybal, M, Zenesini, F, Zeng, C, Zeng, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, D, Zhang, J, Zhang, L, Zhang, S, Zhang, S, Zhang, Y, Zhang, YZ, Zhang, Z, Zhao, Y, Zhelezov, A, Zheng, SZ, Zheng, XZ, Zheng, Y, Zhou, T, Zhou, X, Zhou, Y, Zhovkovska, V, Zhu, LZ, Zhu, X, Zhu, X, Zhukov, V, Zhuo, J, Zou, Q, Zuliani, D, Zunica, G, Amey, JL, Amhis, Y, An, L, Anderlini, L and Andersson, M (2025) Deuteron identification via time of flight with LHCb EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C, 85 (11). 1329-. ISSN 1434-6044, 1434-6052

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Abstract

It is shown that the timing capabilities of the LHCb detector operated during the LHC Run 2 can be used to identify light ion particles with momenta of a few GeV/c. This is achieved by estimating the particle time of flight through a newly developed technique. A dedicated reconstruction procedure and a neural-network-based estimator of the particle speed have been developed to enable deuteron identification by suppressing the abundant background from lighter particles. The performance of the identification procedure is demonstrated in a sample of proton-helium collisions at sNN = 110 GeV, where the production of deuteron and triton particles is observed. This novel approach opens the way to study deuteron and antideuteron production for different collision systems at different energy scales, exploiting the rich dataset collected by the LHCb experiment.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics, 51 Physical Sciences
Divisions:	Faculty of Science & Engineering Faculty of Science & Engineering > School of Engineering Faculty of Science & Engineering > School of Physical Sciences Faculty of Science & Engineering > School of Physical Sciences > Physics Faculty of Science & Engineering > School of Engineering > Civil and Environmental Engineering
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	08 Dec 2025 16:27
Last Modified:	16 Jun 2026 07:12
DOI:	10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14776-9
Open Access URL:	https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc...
Related Websites:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3195983
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