First Evidence of Solar Neutrino Interactions on ¹³C

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Abreu, M, Allega, A, Anderson, MR, Andringa, S, Asner, DM, Auty, DJ, Bacon, A, Baltazar, T, Barao, F, Barros, N et al (show 101 more authors) , Bayes, R, Beier, EW, Bialek, A, Biller, SD, Caden, E, Chen, M, Cheng, S, Cleveland, B, Cookman, D, Corning, J, DeGraw, S, Dehghani, R, Deloye, J, Depatie, MM, Di Lodovico, F, Dima, C, Dittmer, J, Dixon, KH, Esmaeilian, MS, Falk, E, Fatemighomi, N, Ford, R, Gadamsetty, S, Gaur, A, Gonzalez-Reina, OI, Gooding, D, Grant, C, Grove, J, Hall, S, Hallin, AL, Hallman, D, Hebert, MR, Heintzelman, WJ, Helmer, RL, Hewitt, C, Hreljac, B, Huang, P, Hunt-Stokes, R, Inacio, AS, Jillings, CJ, Kaluzienski, S, Kaptanoglu, T, Kladnik, J, Klein, JR, Kormos, LL, Krar, B, Kraus, C, Krauss, CB, Kroupova, T, Lake, C, Lebanowski, L, Lefebvre, C, Lozza, V, Luo, M, Maguire, S, Maio, A, Manecki, S, Maneira, J, Martin, RD, McCauley, N ORCID: 0000-0002-5982-5125, McDonald, AB, Milton, G, Morris, D, Mubasher, M, Naugle, S, Nolan, LJ, O'Keeffe, HM, Gann, GD Orebi, Ouyang, S, Page, J, Pal, S, Paleshi, K, Parker, W, Pickard, LJ, Quenallata, B, Ravi, P, Reichold, A, Riccetto, S, Rose, J ORCID: 0000-0002-3388-8136, Rosero, R, Shen, J, Simms, J, Skensved, P, Smiley, M, Tafirout, R, Tam, B, Tseng, J, Vazquez-Jauregui, E, Virtue, CJ, Wang, F, Ward, M, Wilson, JD, Wilson, JR, Wright, A, Yang, S, Ye, Z, Yeh, M, Yu, S, Zhang, Y, Zuber, K and Zummo, A (2025) First Evidence of Solar Neutrino Interactions on ¹³C PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 135 (24). 241803-. ISSN 0031-9007, 1079-7114

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Abstract

The SNO+ Collaboration reports the first evidence of B8 solar neutrinos interacting on C13 nuclei. The charged current interaction proceeds through C13+νe→13N+e- which is followed, with a 10 minute half life, by N13→13C+e++νe. The detection strategy is based on the delayed coincidence between the electron and the positron. Evidence for the charged current signal is presented with a significance of 4.2σ. Using the natural abundance of C13 present in the scintillator, 5.7 metric tons of C13 over 231 days of data were used in this analysis. The 5.6-2.3+3.0 observed events in the data set are consistent with the expectation of 4.7-1.3+0.6 events. This result is the second real-time measurement of CC interactions of B8 neutrinos with nuclei and constitutes the lowest energy observation of neutrino interactions on C13 generally. This enables the first direct measurement of the CC νe reaction to the ground state of N13, yielding an average cross section of (16.1-6.7+8.5(stat.)-2.7+1.6(syst.))×10-43cm2 over the relevant B8 solar neutrino energies.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>SNO</mi><mo>+</mo></mrow></math> Collaboration
Divisions:	Faculty of Science & Engineering Faculty of Science & Engineering > School of Physical Sciences Faculty of Science & Engineering > School of Physical Sciences > Physics
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	19 Dec 2025 10:17
Last Modified:	23 May 2026 10:50
DOI:	10.1103/1frl-95gj
Open Access URL:	https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/1frl...
Related Websites:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3196198
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