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Acerbi, F, Adhikari, P, Agnes, P, Ahmad, I, Albergo, S, Albuquerque, IF, Alexander, T, Alton, AK, Amaudruz, P, Angiolilli, M et al (show 297 more authors) , Aprile, E, Corona, M Atzori, Auty, DJ, Ave, M, Avetisov, IC, Azzolini, O, Back, HO, Balmforth, Z, Olmedo, A Barrado, Barrillon, P, Batignani, G, Bhowmick, P, Bloem, M, Blua, S, Bocci, V, Bonivento, W, Bottino, B, Boulay, MG, Braun, T, Buchowicz, A, Bussino, S, Busto, J, Cadeddu, M, Cadoni, M, Calabrese, R, Camillo, V, Caminata, A, Canci, N, Caravati, M, Cardenas-Montes, M, Cargioli, N, Carlini, M, Castellani, A, Cavalcante, P, Cebrian, S, Chashin, S, Chepurnov, A, Choudhary, S, Cifarelli, L, Cleveland, B, Coadou, Y, Cocco, V, Colaiuda, D, Vilda, E Conde, Consiglio, L, Cortez, AFV, Costa, BS, Czubak, M, D'Aniello, M, D'Auria, S, Rolo, MD Da Rocha, Dainty, A, Darbo, G, Davini, S, de Asmundis, R, De Cecco, S, Dellacasa, G, Derbin, AV, Devoto, A, DiNoto, L, Di Stefano, P, Dias, LK, Mairena, D Diaz, Dionisi, C, Dolganov, G, Dordei, F, Dronik, V, Dylon, F, Elersich, A, Ellingwood, E, Erjavec, T, Fearon, N, Diaz, M Fernandez, Ferro, L, Ficorella, A, Fiorillo, G, Fleming, D, Franchini, P, Franco, D, Gatti, H Frandini, Frolov, E, Gabriele, F, Gahan, D, Galbiati, C, Nski, G Gali, Gallina, G, Garbini, M, Abia, P Garcia, Gawdzik, A, Gendotti, A, Giovanetti, GK, Casanueva, V Goicoechea, Gola, A, Grandi, L, Grauso, G, di Cortona, G Grilli, Grobov, A, Gromov, M, Gulino, M, Hackett, BR, Hallin, AL, Hamer, A, Haranczyk, M, Harrop, B, Hessel, T, Hidalgo, C, Hollingham, J, Horikawa, S, Hu, J, Hubaut, F, Huff, D, Hugues, T, Hungerford, EV, Ianni, A, Ianni, A, Ippolito, V, Jamil, A, Jillings, C, Keloth, R, Kemmerich, N, Kemp, A, Kimura, M, Klenin, A, Kondo, K, Korga, G, Kotsiopoulou, L, Koulosousas, S, Kubankin, A, Kunze, P, Kuss, M, Kuzniak, M, Kuzwa, M, La Commara, M, Lai, M, Le Guirriec, E, Leason, E, Leoni, A, Lidey, L, Lipp, J, Lissia, M, Luzzi, L, Lychagina, O, Macfadyen, O, Machts, I, Machulin, IN, Manecki, S, Manthos, I, Mapelli, L, Marasciulli, A, Mari, SM, Mariani, C, Maricic, J, Martinez, M, Martoff, CJ, Matteucci, G, Mavrokoridis, K 
ORCID: 0000-0002-9244-4519, McDonald, AB, Merzi, S, Messina, A, Milincic, R, Minutoli, S, Mitra, A, Monroe, J, Moretti, E, Morrocchi, M, Morsy, A, Mroz, T, Muratova, VN, Murra, M, Musico, P, Nania, R, Nessi, M, Nieradka, G, Nikolopoulos, K, Nikoloudaki, E, Nikulin, I, Nowak, J, Olchanski, K, Oleinik, A, Oleynikov, V, Organtini, P, de Solorzano, A Ortiz, Padmanabhan, A, Pallavicini, M, Pandola, L, Pantic, E, Paoloni, E, Papi, D, Park, B, Pastuszak, G, Paternoster, G, Pavarani, R, Peck, A, Pelczar, K, Perez, R, Pesudo, V, Piacentini, S, Pino, N, Plante, G, Pocar, A, Pordes, S, Pralavorio, P, Preosti, E, Price, D, Pronesti, M, Puglia, S, Bazetto, M Queiroga, Raffaelli, F, Ragusa, F, Ramachers, Y, Ramirez, A, Ravinthiran, S, Razeti, M, Renshaw, AL, Repond, A, Rescigno, M, Resconi, S, Retiere, F, Rignanese, LP, Ritchie-Yates, A, Rivetti, A, Roberts, A, Roberts, C, Rogers, G, Romero, L, Rossi, M, Rubbia, A, Rudik, D, Runge, J, Sabia, MA, Salomone, P, Samoylov, O, Sanfilippo, S, Santone, D, Santorelli, R, Santos, EM, Sargeant, I, Savarese, C, Scapparone, E, Schuckman, FG, Scioli, G, Semenov, DA, Sestu, M, Shalamova, V, Poudel, S Sharma, Sheshukov, A, Simeone, M, Skensved, P, Skorokhvatov, MD, Smirnov, O, Smirnova, T, Smith, B, Spadoni, F, Spangenberg, M, Steri, A, Stornelli, V, Stracka, S, Sung, A, Sunny, C, Suvorov, Y, Szelc, AM, Taborda, O, Tartaglia, R, Taylor, A, Taylor, J ORCID: 0000-0001-8574-8322, Testera, G, Thieme, K, Thompson, A, Torres-Lara, S, Tricomi, A, Tullio, S, Unzhakov, EV, VanUffelen, M, Ventura, P, Viant, T, Viel, S, Vishneva, A, Vogelaar, RB, Vossebeld, J, Vyas, B, Wada, M, Walczak, M, Wang, Y, Westerdale, S, Williams, L, Wojcik, MM, Wojcik, M, Yang, C, Yin, J, Zabihi, A, Zakhary, P, Zani, A, Zhang, Y, Zhu, T, Zichichi, A, Zuzel, G and Zykova, MP
(2025)
Production, quality assurance and quality control of the SiPM Tiles for the DarkSide-20k Time Projection Chamber
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C, 85 (11).
1334-.
ISSN 1434-6044, 1434-6052
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Abstract
The DarkSide-20k dark matter direct detection experiment will employ a 21m2 silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array, instrumenting a dual-phase 50 tonnes liquid argon Time Projection Chamber (TPC). SiPMs are arranged into modular photosensors called Tiles, each integrating 24 SiPMs onto a printed circuit board (PCB) that provides signal amplification, power distribution, and a single-ended output for simplified readout. 16 Tiles are further grouped into Photo-Detector Units (PDUs). This paper details the production of the Tiles and the Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA-QC) protocol established to ensure their performance and uniformity. The production and QA-QC of the Tiles are carried out at Nuova Officina Assergi (NOA), an ISO-6 clean room facility at LNGS. This process includes wafer-level cryogenic characterisation, precision die attaching, wire bonding, and extensive electrical and optical validation of each Tile. The overall production yield exceeds 83.5%, matching the requirements of the DarkSide-20k production plan. These results validate the robustness of the Tile design and its suitability for operation in a cryogenic environment.
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