Coordinated low-carbon economic scheduling of integrated electricity-heat-gas-hydrogen-methanol multi-microgrids considering electricity-methanol transaction

Li, Jiale, Yang, Bo, Zhou, Yiming, Shu, Hongchun, Li, Hongbiao, Gao, Dengke and Jiang, Lin ORCID: 0000-0001-6531-2791 (2026) Coordinated low-carbon economic scheduling of integrated electricity-heat-gas-hydrogen-methanol multi-microgrids considering electricity-methanol transaction EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, 298. 129701-. ISSN 0957-4174, 1873-6793

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Abstract

The uneven spatial and temporal distribution of renewable energy resources poses significant challenges for multi-microgrid (MG) systems, resulting in high operational costs and low renewable energy utilization. To overcome these challenges, this work investigates a peer-to-peer electricity transaction and hydrogen-methanol-hydrogen technology-based methanol transaction among multi-MG. Besides, to realize net-zero emissions and carbon cycle utilization, the carbon capture system and hydrogen blending system are introduced into MG to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and capture and reform carbon dioxide for methanol synthesis equipment. Additionally, a cooperative operation model based on the Nash bargaining theory for multi-MGs under the transaction amount and price constraints of electricity and methanol is constructed. Due to the characteristics of non-convex and non-linear, the Nash bargaining is transformed into minimizing operation costs (sub-problem one) and maximizing payment benefits (sub-problem two). During the process of benefit allocation in sub-problem two, this work adopts a nonlinear energy sharing mapping method to quantify the comprehensive contribution rate of each MG to the multi-MG system, thereby achieving fair allocation of benefits. Finally, the alternating direction multiplier method is used to solve the model, effectively protecting the privacy of each MG. The simulation results demonstrate that a multi-MG system considering electricity and methanol transactions can effectively decrease carbon emissions and the total operational costs by 21.53% and 27.01% compared to only considering electricity transactions, respectively. Overall, the proposed electricity and methanol transactions strategy simultaneously reduces the overall system operation costs and carbon emissions, underscoring its advantages and significance.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Multi-microgrid, Methanol, Hydrogen, Nash bargaining, Peer to peer, SimuNPS
Divisions:	Faculty of Science & Engineering Faculty of Science & Engineering > School of Engineering Faculty of Science & Engineering > School of Engineering > Electrical Engineering and Electronics
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	12 Feb 2026 08:37
Last Modified:	16 Jun 2026 20:24
DOI:	10.1016/j.eswa.2025.129701
Related Websites:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3196991
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