Ribosome heterogeneity and specialization in musculoskeletal physiology and pathology

Chabronova, Alzbeta ORCID: 0000-0002-9733-444X, van den Akker, Guus GH, Welting, Tim JM and Peffers, Mandy J ORCID: 0000-0001-6979-0440 (2026) Ribosome heterogeneity and specialization in musculoskeletal physiology and pathology JBMR PLUS, 10 (3). ziag018-. ISSN 2473-4039, 2473-4039

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Abstract

Musculoskeletal (MSK) tissues are highly dynamic systems that rely on tightly regulated protein synthesis to maintain homeostasis and structural integrity, adapt to physiological stimuli, and respond to injury. The deregulation of protein synthesis is implicated in a wide range of MSK pathologies. At the core of protein synthesis are ribosomes, complex molecular nanomachines that translate mRNAs and generate proteins. Once considered uniform entities passively exerting their function, ribosomes are now recognized to be heterogeneous in their composition and capable of specialized functions. These emerging concepts of ribosome heterogeneity and specialization are increasingly recognized as key regulators of physiological and pathological cellular processes across fields. Although the MSK field has yet to fully embrace and integrate ribosome-centered research, accumulating evidence suggests that ribosome heterogeneity and specialization might have profound implications for MSK (patho)biology. In this review, we summarize the emerging data across MSK tissues (bone, skeletal muscle, articular cartilage, tendons, and ligaments), highlighting the roles of ribosomes in supporting development, maintaining homeostasis, and facilitating cellular and tissue functions and adaptations, but also driving pathological changes and disease progression. Furthermore, we also outline recent key technological and methodological advances that are critical for uncovering the full scope, significance, and dynamic regulation of ribosome heterogeneity and specialization in MSK (patho)biology. As the field moves forward, ribosome-centered research holds great promise in revealing new mechanisms underlying MSK biology and identifying novel therapeutic targets.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	protein synthesis, translation regulation, ribosome heterogeneity, ribosome specialization, ribosomal RNA, 2 '-O-methylation, pseudouridylation, snoRNAs, ribosomal proteins, ribosome-associated proteins
Divisions:	Faculty of Health & Life Sciences Faculty of Health & Life Sciences > Inst. Life Courses & Medical Sciences Faculty of Health & Life Sciences > Inst. Life Courses & Medical Sciences > Inst. Life Courses & Medical Sciences (T&R staff) Faculty of Health & Life Sciences > Inst. Life Courses & Medical Sciences > Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	20 Feb 2026 08:09
Last Modified:	16 Jun 2026 09:36
DOI:	10.1093/jbmrpl/ziag018
Related Websites:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3197127
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