Understanding the Psychological Impacts of Shielding From COVID-19 for Immunocompromised Individuals

Gray, Anna, Daniels, Jo, Bernardi, Luca ORCID: 0000-0001-5875-9990 and Barnett, Julie (2026) Understanding the Psychological Impacts of Shielding From COVID-19 for Immunocompromised Individuals HEALTH EXPECTATIONS, 29 (2). e70675-. ISSN 1369-6513, 1369-7625

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Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the impact of shielding amongst immunocompromised individuals following the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: This study used a cross-sectional exploratory qualitative design. Methods: A national survey was launched in July 2023 aiming to collect information on the lived experience of individuals who were still shielding. The final question to this study was ‘what has been the worst aspect of shielding for you?’. In total, 457 individuals (57%) responded to this question. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Three themes were identified, associated with the impact of shielding:. (1) Navigating risk: including fear of infection, distrust in institutional guidance and measures. (2) Loss and longing: including profound isolation, grieving lost time, loss of freedom and relationships. (3) Betrayed and forsaken: a sense of intentional abandonment by government and lack of understanding from loved ones, causing distress and mistrust. Conclusion: The findings from this study indicate that individuals who are shielding continue to experience profound difficulties that require attention. Measures must be introduced to mitigate the impact of COVID in the immunocompromised, including improving public health messaging and strategies to tackle isolation. Given the high likelihood of future pandemics, it is imperative that strategies are developed to address the needs of its most vulnerable populations. Patient or Public Contribution: Patient and public contribution has formed an integral part in the assignment of this study. The rationale and design of this study was created in partnership with Forgotten Lives UK and the National Clinical Expert Group, who represent 125 clinicians, across 4 nations and 17 medical specialities treating immunocompromised patients.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	coronavirus, COVID-19, immunocompromised, pandemic, shielding
Divisions:	Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences > School of Histories, Languages and Cultures Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences > School of Histories, Languages and Cultures > Politics Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences > Faculty of Humanities & Social Sci (All T&R Staff) Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences > School of Histories, Languages and Cultures > School of Histories, Languages and Cultures (T&R Staff)
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	08 Apr 2026 12:18
Last Modified:	23 May 2026 11:14
DOI:	10.1111/hex.70675
Related Websites:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3197891
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