The role of myokines in muscle health and disease

Lightfoot, Adam P ORCID: 0000-0003-1501-7879 and Cooper, Robert G ORCID: 0000-0001-8337-9973 (2016) The role of myokines in muscle health and disease. CURRENT OPINION IN RHEUMATOLOGY, 28 (6). pp. 661-666.

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bor.0000000000000337

Abstract

<h4>Purpose of review</h4>This article updates on the concept that muscle-derived cytokines (myokines) play important roles in muscle health and disease.<h4>Recent findings</h4>Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is released from normal skeletal muscle in response to exercise, mediating both anti-inflammatory responses and metabolic adaptations, actions contradictory to the prevailing view that IL-6 is a proinflammatory cytokine that is inducing and propagating disease. The anti-inflammatory effects of IL-6 result from its trans-membrane signalling capability, via membrane-bound receptors, whereas its proinflammatory effects result instead from signalling via the soluble IL-6 receptor and gp130. IL-15 is elevated following exercise, promoting muscle fibre hypertrophy in some circumstances, while inducing fibre apoptosis in others. This functional divergence appears because of variations in expression of IL-15 receptor isoforms. Decorin, a recently described myokine, is also elevated following exercise in normal muscle, and promotes muscle fibre hypertrophy by competitively binding to, and thus inhibiting, myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle protein synthesis. Exercise-induced myostatin downregulation thus promotes muscle fibre growth, prompting recent trials of a biological myostatin inhibitor in inclusion body myositis.<h4>Summary</h4>Myokines appear to exert diverse beneficial effects, though their mechanistic roles in myositis and other myopathologies remain poorly understood.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	cytokines, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, myokines, myositis, skeletal muscle
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	31 Aug 2018 14:46
Last Modified:	19 Jan 2023 06:53
DOI:	10.1097/BOR.0000000000000337
Open Access URL:	https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/617622/
Related URLs:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3009632