Li, Kaixu, Chen, Wei, Yang, Haiping, Chen, Yingquan, Xia, Sunwen, Xia, Mingwei, Tu, Xin 
ORCID: 0000-0002-6376-0897 and Chen, Hanping
(2019)
Mechanism of biomass activation and ammonia modification for nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, 280.
pp. 260-268.
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Abstract
The effect of chemical activation and NH<sub>3</sub> modification on activated carbons (ACs) was explored via two contrasting bamboo pyrolysis strategies involving either two steps (activation followed by nitrogen doping in NH<sub>3</sub> atmosphere) or one step (activation in NH<sub>3</sub> atmosphere) with several chemical activating reagents (KOH, K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, and KOH + K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>). The ACs produced by the two-step method showed relatively smaller specific surface areas (∼90% micropores) and lower nitrogen contents. From the one-step method, the ACs had larger pore diameters with about 90% small mesopores (2-3.5 nm). Due to a promotion effect with the KOH + K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> combination, the AC attained the greatest surface area (2417 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>) and highest nitrogen content (3.89 wt%), endowing the highest capacitance (175 F g<sup>-1</sup>). The balance between surface area and nitrogen content recommends KOH + K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> activation via the one-step method as the best choice for achieving both greener production process and better pore structure.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Biomass activation, NH3 modification, Nitrogen-doped, Porosity, Supercapacitors |
| Depositing User: | Symplectic Admin |
| Date Deposited: | 21 Feb 2019 08:15 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Jan 2023 01:02 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.039 |
| Related URLs: | |
| URI: | https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3033184 |
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