Household air pollution, chronic respiratory disease and pneumonia in Malawian adults: A case-control study

Jary, Hannah R, Aston, Stephen ORCID: 0000-0002-0701-8364, Ho, Antonia ORCID: 0000-0003-1465-3785, Giorgi, Emanuele, Kalata, Newton, Nyirenda, Mulinda, Mallewa, Jane, Peterson, Ingrid, Gordon, Stephen B and Mortimer, Kevin (2017) Household air pollution, chronic respiratory disease and pneumonia in Malawian adults: A case-control study. Wellcome open research, 2. 103-.

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Abstract

Background: Four million people die each year from diseases caused by exposure to household air pollution. There is an association between exposure to household air pollution and pneumonia in children (half a million attributable deaths a year); however, whether this is true in adults is unknown. We conducted a case-control study in urban Malawi to examine the association between exposure to household air pollution and pneumonia in adults. Methods: Hospitalized patients with radiologically confirmed pneumonia (cases) and healthy community controls underwent 48 hours of ambulatory and household particulate matter (µg/m 3) and carbon monoxide (ppm) exposure monitoring. Multivariate logistic regression, stratified by HIV status, explored associations between these and other potential risk factors with pneumonia. Results: 145 (117 HIV-positive; 28 HIV-negative) cases and 253 (169 HIV-positive; 84 HIV-negative) controls completed follow up. We found no evidence of association between household air pollution exposure and pneumonia in HIV-positive (e.g. ambulatory particulate matter adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.00 [95% CI 1.00-1.01, p=0.141]) or HIV-negative (e.g. ambulatory particulate matter aOR 1.00 [95% CI 0.99-1.01, p=0.872]) participants. Chronic respiratory disease was associated with pneumonia in both HIV-positive (aOR 28.07 [95% CI 9.29-84.83, p<0.001]) and HIV-negative (aOR 104.27 [95% CI 12.86-852.35, p<0.001]) participants. Conclusions: We found no evidence that exposure to household air pollution is associated with pneumonia in Malawian adults. In contrast, chronic respiratory disease was strongly associated with pneumonia.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Carbon monoxide, Chronic respiratory disease, Household air pollution, Malawi, Particulate matter, Pneumonia, Sub-Saharan Africa
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	29 Nov 2019 09:52
Last Modified:	19 Jan 2023 00:18
DOI:	10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12621.1
Open Access URL:	https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/2-103/v1
Related URLs:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3063992