Anisotropic diffusion creep in postperovskite provides a new model for deformation at the core-mantle boundary


Dobson, David P, Lindsay-Scott, Alexander, Hunt, Simon A, Bailey, Edward, Wood, Ian G, Brodholt, John P, Vocadlo, Lidunka and Wheeler, John ORCID: 0000-0002-7576-4465 (2019) Anisotropic diffusion creep in postperovskite provides a new model for deformation at the core-mantle boundary. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 116 (52). pp. 26389-26393.

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Abstract

The lowermost portion of Earth's mantle (D″) above the core-mantle boundary shows anomalous seismic features, such as strong seismic anisotropy, related to the properties of the main mineral MgSiO<sub>3</sub> postperovskite. But, after over a decade of investigations, the seismic observations still cannot be explained simply by flow models which assume dislocation creep in postperovskite. We have investigated the chemical diffusivity of perovskite and postperovskite phases by experiment and ab initio simulation, and derive equations for the observed anisotropic diffusion creep. There is excellent agreement between experiments and simulations for both phases in all of the chemical systems studied. Single-crystal diffusivity in postperovskite displays at least 3 orders of magnitude of anisotropy by experiment and simulation (<i>D</i><sub><i>a</i></sub> = 1,000 <i>D</i><sub><i>b</i></sub>; <i>D</i><sub><i>b</i></sub> ≈ <i>D</i><sub><i>c</i></sub>) in zinc fluoride, and an even more extreme anisotropy is predicted (<i>D</i><sub><i>a</i></sub> = 10,000 <i>D</i><sub><i>c</i></sub>; <i>D</i><sub><i>c</i></sub> = 10,000 <i>D</i><sub><i>b</i></sub>) in the natural MgSiO<sub>3</sub> system. Anisotropic chemical diffusivity results in anisotropic diffusion creep, texture generation, and a strain-weakening rheology. The results for MgSiO<sub>3</sub> postperovskite strongly imply that regions within the D″ region of Earth dominated by postperovskite will 1) be substantially weaker than regions dominated by perovskite and 2) develop a strain-induced crystallographic-preferred orientation with strain-weakening rheology. This leads to strain localization and the possibility to bring regions with significantly varying textures into close proximity by strain on narrow shear zones. Anisotropic diffusion creep therefore provides an attractive alternative explanation for the complexity in observed seismic anisotropy and the rapid lateral changes in seismic velocities in D″.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: postperovskite, D '', diffusion creep, anisotropy
Depositing User: Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited: 12 Feb 2020 09:57
Last Modified: 19 Jan 2023 00:03
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914826116
Open Access URL: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10086846/
Related URLs:
URI: https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3074645
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