A Review of the Important Role of <i>CYP2D6</i> in Pharmacogenomics



Taylor, Christopher, Crosby, Ian, Yip, Vincent ORCID: 0000-0003-1640-2816, Maguire, Peter, Pirmohamed, Munir ORCID: 0000-0002-7534-7266 and Turner, Richard M ORCID: 0000-0002-7315-679X
(2020) A Review of the Important Role of <i>CYP2D6</i> in Pharmacogenomics. GENES, 11 (11). E1295-.

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Abstract

Cytochrome P450 2D6 (<i>CYP2D6</i>) is a critical pharmacogene involved in the metabolism of ~20% of commonly used drugs across a broad spectrum of medical disciplines including psychiatry, pain management, oncology and cardiology. Nevertheless, <i>CYP2D6</i> is highly polymorphic with single-nucleotide polymorphisms, small insertions/deletions and larger structural variants including multiplications, deletions, tandem arrangements, and hybridisations with non-functional CYP2D7 pseudogenes. The frequency of these variants differs across populations, and they significantly influence the drug-metabolising enzymatic function of CYP2D6. Importantly, altered CYP2D6 function has been associated with both adverse drug reactions and reduced drug efficacy, and there is growing recognition of the clinical and economic burdens associated with suboptimal drug utilisation. To date, pharmacogenomic clinical guidelines for at least 48 CYP2D6-substrate drugs have been developed by prominent pharmacogenomics societies, which contain therapeutic recommendations based on CYP2D6-predicted categories of metaboliser phenotype. Novel algorithms to interpret CYP2D6 function from sequencing data that consider structural variants, and machine learning approaches to characterise the functional impact of novel variants, are being developed. However, <i>CYP2D6</i> genotyping is yet to be implemented broadly into clinical practice, and so further effort and initiatives are required to overcome the implementation challenges and deliver the potential benefits to the bedside.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: pharmacogenomics, drug metabolism, population variability, structural variation
Depositing User: Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited: 10 Nov 2020 10:32
Last Modified: 16 Nov 2023 11:11
DOI: 10.3390/genes11111295
Open Access URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/11/1295
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URI: https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3106455