Swallow, Jack EN, Palgrave, Robert G, Murgatroyd, Philip AE, Regoutz, Anna, Lorenz, Michael, Hassa, Anna, Grundmann, Marius, von Wenckstern, Holger, Varley, Joel B and Veal, Tim D 
ORCID: 0000-0002-0610-5626
(2021)
Indium Gallium Oxide Alloys: Electronic Structure, Optical Gap, Surface Space Charge, and Chemical Trends within Common-Cation Semiconductors.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES, 13 (2).
pp. 2807-2819.
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Abstract
The electronic and optical properties of (In<sub><i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> alloys are highly tunable, giving rise to a myriad of applications including transparent conductors, transparent electronics, and solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors. Here, we investigate these properties for a high quality pulsed laser deposited film which possesses a lateral cation composition gradient (0.01 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 0.82) and three crystallographic phases (monoclinic, hexagonal, and bixbyite). The optical gaps over this composition range are determined, and only a weak optical gap bowing is found (<i>b</i> = 0.36 eV). The valence band edge evolution along with the change in the fundamental band gap over the composition gradient enables the surface space-charge properties to be probed. This is an important property when considering metal contact formation and heterojunctions for devices. A transition from surface electron accumulation to depletion occurs at <i>x</i> ∼ 0.35 as the film goes from the bixbyite In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> phase to the monoclinic β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> phase. The electronic structure of the different phases is investigated by using density functional theory calculations and compared to the valence band X-ray photoemission spectra. Finally, the properties of these alloys, such as the n-type dopability of In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and use of Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> as a solar-blind UV detector, are understood with respect to other common-cation compound semiconductors in terms of simple chemical trends of the band edge positions and the hydrostatic volume deformation potential.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | indium oxide, gallium oxide, indium gallium oxide, XPS, chemical trends |
| Depositing User: | Symplectic Admin |
| Date Deposited: | 11 Jan 2021 09:13 |
| Last Modified: | 18 Jan 2023 23:04 |
| DOI: | 10.1021/acsami.0c16021 |
| Open Access URL: | https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c16021 |
| Related URLs: | |
| URI: | https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3113182 |
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