Chawla, Sanjeev, Shehu, Vanessa, Gupta, Pradeep K, Nath, Kavindra and Poptani, Harish ORCID: 0000-0002-0593-3235
(2021)
Physiological Imaging Methods for Evaluating Response to Immunotherapies in Glioblastomas.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES, 22 (8).
3867-.
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Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor in adults, with a dismal prognosis despite aggressive multi-modal therapy. Immunotherapy is currently being evaluated as an alternate treatment modality for recurrent GBMs in clinical trials. These immunotherapeutic approaches harness the patient's immune response to fight and eliminate tumor cells. Standard MR imaging is not adequate for response assessment to immunotherapy in GBM patients even after using refined response assessment criteria secondary to amplified immune response. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of effective and alternative neuroimaging techniques for accurate response assessment. To this end, some groups have reported the potential of diffusion and perfusion MR imaging and amino acid-based positron emission tomography techniques in evaluating treatment response to different immunotherapeutic regimens in GBMs. The main goal of these techniques is to provide definitive metrics of treatment response at earlier time points for making informed decisions on future therapeutic interventions. This review provides an overview of available immunotherapeutic approaches used to treat GBMs. It discusses the limitations of conventional imaging and potential utilities of physiologic imaging techniques in the response assessment to immunotherapies. It also describes challenges associated with these imaging methods and potential solutions to avoid them.
Item Type: | Article |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | glioblastoma, immunotherapy, treatment response, diffusion MR imaging, perfusion MR imaging, positron emission tomography |
Divisions: | Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences > Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Admin |
Date Deposited: | 27 Apr 2021 12:26 |
Last Modified: | 05 Oct 2023 08:22 |
DOI: | 10.3390/ijms22083867 |
Open Access URL: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/8/3867 |
Related URLs: | |
URI: | https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3119781 |