Benedicto-Matambo, Prisca, Bines, Julie E, Malamba-Banda, Chikondi, Shawa, Isaac T, Barnes, Kayla, Kamng’ona, Arox W, Hungerford, Daniel 
ORCID: 0000-0002-9770-0163, Jambo, Kondwani C ORCID: 0000-0002-3195-2210, Iturriza-Gomara, Miren ORCID: 0000-0001-5816-6423, Cunliffe, Nigel A ORCID: 0000-0002-5449-4988 et al (show 2 more authors)
(2022)
Leveraging Beneficial Off-Target Effects of Live-Attenuated Rotavirus Vaccines.
Vaccines, 10 (3).
p. 418.
Abstract
<jats:p>Following the introduction of live-attenuated rotavirus vaccines in many countries, a notable reduction in deaths and hospitalisations associated with diarrhoea in children <5 years of age has been reported. There is growing evidence to suggest that live-attenuated vaccines also provide protection against other infections beyond the vaccine-targeted pathogens. These so called off-target effects of vaccination have been associated with the tuberculosis vaccine Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG), measles, oral polio and recently salmonella vaccines, and are thought to be mediated by modified innate and possibly adaptive immunity. Indeed, rotavirus vaccines have been reported to provide greater than expected reductions in acute gastroenteritis caused by other enteropathogens, that have mostly been attributed to herd protection and prior underestimation of rotavirus disease. Whether rotavirus vaccines also alter the immune system to reduce non targeted gastrointestinal infections has not been studied directly. Here we review the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying off-target effects of vaccines and propose a mechanism by which the live-attenuated neonatal rotavirus vaccine, RV3-BB, could promote protection beyond the targeted pathogen. Finally, we consider how vaccine developers may leverage these properties to improve health outcomes in children, particularly those in low-income countries where disease burden and mortality is disproportionately high relative to developed countries.</jats:p>
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | rotavirus, off-target effects, neonatal, live attenuated, RV3-BB, epigenetic modulation |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences > Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences |
| Depositing User: | Symplectic Admin |
| Date Deposited: | 11 Mar 2022 09:50 |
| Last Modified: | 18 Jan 2023 21:11 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/vaccines10030418 |
| Open Access URL: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/3/418 |
| Related URLs: | |
| URI: | https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3150581 |
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