T-Cell Homeostatic Imbalance in Placentas From Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the Absence of Vertical Transmission


Ikumi, Nadia M, Pillay, Komala, Tilburgs, Tamara, Malaba, Thokozile R, Dzanibe, Sonwabile, Enninga, Elizabeth Ann L, Chakraborty, Rana, Lamorde, Mohammed, Myer, Landon, Khoo, Saye ORCID: 0000-0002-2769-0967 et al (show 2 more authors) (2021) T-Cell Homeostatic Imbalance in Placentas From Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the Absence of Vertical Transmission. JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 224 (12 Sup). S670-S682.

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Abstract

<h4>Background</h4>Implementation of universal antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly lowered vertical transmission rates but has also increased numbers of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed uninfected children, who remain vulnerable to morbid effects. In the current study, we investigated whether T-cell alterations in the placenta contribute to altered immune status in HIV-exposed uninfected.<h4>Methods</h4>We analyzed T cells from term placenta decidua and villous tissue and paired cord blood from pregnant women living with HIV (PWH) who initiated ART late in pregnancy (n = 21) with pregnant women not living with HIV (PWNH) (n = 9).<h4>Results</h4>Placentas from PWH showed inverted CD4/CD8 ratios and higher proportions of tissue resident CD8+ T cells in villous tissue relative to control placentas. CD8+ T cells in the fetal capillaries, which were of fetal origin, were positively correlated with maternal plasma viremia before ART initiation, implying that imbalanced T cells persisted throughout pregnancy. In addition, the expanded memory differentiation of CD8+ T cells was confined to the fetal placental compartment and cord blood but was not observed in the maternal decidua.<h4>Conclusions</h4>T-cell homeostatic imbalance in the blood circulation of PWH is reflected in the placenta. The placenta may be a causal link between HIV-induced maternal immune changes during gestation and altered immunity in newborn infants in the absence of vertical transmission.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: CD4, CD8, HEU, HIV, HIV-exposed, placenta, placenta pathology, T cells, villous tissue
Divisions: Faculty of Health and Life Sciences
Faculty of Health and Life Sciences > Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology
Depositing User: Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited: 21 Dec 2022 09:17
Last Modified: 21 Dec 2022 09:17
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab192
Related URLs:
URI: https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3166746
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