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Vakilifard, Negar ORCID: 0000-0003-1596-1587, Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558, Holden, Philip B ORCID: 0000-0002-2369-0062, Turner, Katherine, Edwards, Neil R and Beerling, David J (2022) Assessment of negative and positive CO<sub>2</sub> emissions on global warming metrics using large ensemble Earth system model simulations. [Preprint]

Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558, Katavouta, Anna ORCID: 0000-0002-1587-4996 and Goodwin, Philip (2019) Carbon-Cycle Feedbacks Operating in the Climate System. CURRENT CLIMATE CHANGE REPORTS, 5 (4). pp. 282-295.

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Arora, Vivek K, Katavouta, Anna ORCID: 0000-0002-1587-4996, Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558, Jones, Chris D, Brovkin, Victor, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Schwinger, Jorg, Bopp, Laurent, Boucher, Olivier, Cadule, Patricia et al (show 22 more authors) , Chamberlain, Matthew A, Christian, James R, Delire, Christine, Fisher, Rosie A, Hajima, Tomohiro, Ilyina, Tatiana, Joetzjer, Emilie, Kawamiya, Michio, Koven, Charles D, Krasting, John P, Law, Rachel M, Lawrence, David M, Lenton, Andrew, Lindsay, Keith, Pongratz, Julia, Raddatz, Thomas, Seferian, Roland, Tachiiri, Kaoru, Tjiputra, Jerry F, Wiltshire, Andy, Wu, Tongwen and Ziehn, Tilo (2020) Carbon-concentration and carbon-climate feedbacks in CMIP6 models and their comparison to CMIP5 models. Biogeosciences, 17 (16). pp. 4173-4222.

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Arora, Vivek K, Katavouta, Anna ORCID: 0000-0002-1587-4996, Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558, Jones, Chris D ORCID: 0000-0002-7141-9285, Brovkin, Victor ORCID: 0000-0001-6420-3198, Friedlingstein, Pierre ORCID: 0000-0003-3309-4739, Schwinger, Jörg ORCID: 0000-0002-7525-6882, Bopp, Laurent, Boucher, Olivier ORCID: 0000-0003-2328-5769, Cadule, Patricia et al (show 22 more authors) , Chamberlain, Matthew A, Christian, James R, Delire, Christine, Fisher, Rosie A, Hajima, Tomohiro, Ilyina, Tatiana ORCID: 0000-0002-3475-4842, Joetzjer, Emilie, Kawamiya, Michio, Koven, Charles ORCID: 0000-0002-3367-0065, Krasting, John, Law, Rachel M ORCID: 0000-0002-7346-0927, Lawrence, David M, Lenton, Andrew, Lindsay, Keith ORCID: 0000-0002-3672-1665, Pongratz, Julia, Raddatz, Thomas, Séférian, Roland ORCID: 0000-0002-2571-2114, Tachiiri, Kaoru, Tjiputra, Jerry F, Wiltshire, Andy, Wu, Tongwen ORCID: 0000-0001-5187-9121 and Ziehn, Tilo ORCID: 0000-0001-9873-9775 (2019) Carbon-concentration and carbon-climate feedbacks in CMIP6 models, and their comparison to CMIP5 models. Biogeosciences.

Goodwin, Philip, Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558, Roussenov, Vassil M ORCID: 0000-0003-4128-9712 and Katavouta, Anna ORCID: 0000-0002-1587-4996 (2019) Climate Sensitivity From Both Physical and Carbon Cycle Feedbacks. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 46 (13). pp. 7554-7564.

Katavouta, Anna ORCID: 0000-0002-1587-4996 and Williams, Richard G (2021) Controls of ocean carbon cycle feedbacks from different ocean basins and meridional overturning in CMIP6. Biogeosciences Discussions.

Williams, Richard G, Ceppi, Paulo ORCID: 0000-0002-3754-3506 and Katavouta, Anna ORCID: 0000-0002-1587-4996 (2020) Controls of the transient climate response to emissions by physical feedbacks, heat uptake and carbon cycling. Environmental Research Letters, 15 (9). 0940c1 - 0940c1.

Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558, Ceppi, Paulo and Katavouta, Anna ORCID: 0000-0002-1587-4996 (2020) Controls of the transient climate response to emissions by physical feedbacks, heat uptake and carbon cycling. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 15 (9). 0940c1-0940c1.

Katavouta, Anna ORCID: 0000-0002-1587-4996, Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558 and Goodwin, Philip (2019) The Effect of Ocean Ventilation on the Transient Climate Response to Emissions. JOURNAL OF CLIMATE, 32 (16). pp. 5085-5105.

Cael, BB, Bloch-Johnson, Jonah, Ceppi, Paulo, Fredriksen, Hege-Beate, Goodwin, Philip, Gregory, Jonathan M, Smith, Christopher J and Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558 (2023) Energy budget diagnosis of changing climate feedback. SCIENCE ADVANCES, 9 (16). eadf9302-.

Khatri, Hemant ORCID: 0000-0001-6559-9059, Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558, Woollings, Tim and Smith, Doug M (2022) Fast and Slow Subpolar Ocean Responses to the North Atlantic Oscillation: Thermal and Dynamical Changes. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 49 (24).

Roussenov, Vassil M ORCID: 0000-0003-4128-9712, Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558, Lozier, M Susan, Holliday, N Penny and Smith, Doug M (2022) Historical Reconstruction of Subpolar North Atlantic Overturning and Its Relationship to Density. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS, 127 (6).

Ma, Liping, Woollings, Tim, Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558, Smith, Doug and Dunstone, Nick (2020) How Does the Winter Jet Stream Affect Surface Temperature, Heat Flux, and Sea Ice in the North Atlantic? JOURNAL OF CLIMATE, 33 (9). pp. 3711-3730.

Vakilifard, Negar, Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558, Holden, Philip B, Turner, Katherine, Edwards, Neil R and Beerling, David J (2022) Impact of negative and positive CO2 emissions on global warming metrics using an ensemble of Earth system model simulations. BIOGEOSCIENCES, 19 (17). pp. 4249-4265.

Spingys, Carl P, Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558, Hopkins, Joanne E, Hall, Rob A, Green, JA Mattias and Sharples, Jonathan ORCID: 0000-0002-7031-3593 (2020) Internal Tide-Driven Tracer Transport Across the Continental Slope. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS, 125 (9).

Woodworth, Philip L, Maqueda, Miguel A Morales, Roussenov, Vassil M ORCID: 0000-0003-4128-9712, Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558 and Hughes, Chris W ORCID: 0000-0002-9355-0233 (2014) Mean sea-level variability along the northeast American Atlantic coast and the roles of the wind and the overturning circulation. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS, 119 (12). pp. 8916-8935.

Tagliabue, Alessandro ORCID: 0000-0002-3572-3634, Lough, Alastair JM, Vic, Clement, Roussenov, Vassil ORCID: 0000-0003-4128-9712, Gula, Jonathan, Lohan, Maeve C, Resing, Joseph A and Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558 (2022) Mechanisms Driving the Dispersal of Hydrothermal Iron From the Northern Mid Atlantic Ridge. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 49 (22).

Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558, Roussenov, Vassil ORCID: 0000-0003-4128-9712, Lozier, M Susan and Smith, Doug (2015) Mechanisms of Heat Content and Thermocline Change in the Subtropical and Subpolar North Atlantic. JOURNAL OF CLIMATE, 28 (24). pp. 9803-9815.

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Lozier, M Susan, Bacon, Sheldon, Bower, Amy S, Cunningham, Stuart A, de Jong, M Femke, de Steur, Laura, deYoung, Brad, Fischer, Juergen, Gary, Stefan F, Greenan, Blair JW et al (show 23 more authors) , Heimbach, Patrick, Holliday, Naomi P, Houpert, Loic, Inall, Mark E, Johns, William E, Johnson, Helen L, Karstensen, Johannes, Li, Feili, Lin, Xiaopei, Mackay, Neill, Marshall, David P, Mercier, Herle, Myers, Paul G, Pickart, Robert S, Pillar, Helen R, Straneo, Fiammetta, Thierry, Virginie, Weller, Robert A, Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558, Wilson, Chris, Yang, Jiayan, Zhao, Jian and Zika, Jan D (2017) OVERTURNING IN THE SUBPOLAR NORTH ATLANTIC PROGRAM A New International Ocean Observing System. BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY, 98 (4). pp. 737-752.

Spingys, Carl P, Williams, Richard G, Tuerena, Robyn E, Garabato, Alberto Naveira, Vic, Clement, Forryan, Alexander and Sharples, Jonathan (2021) Observations of Nutrient Supply by Mesoscale Eddy Stirring and Diapycnal Mixing in the Oligotrophic North Atlantic. GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES, 35 (8).

Spingys, Carl P, Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558, Tuerena, Robyn E, Garabato, Alberto Naveira, Vic, Clement, Forryan, Alexander and Sharples, Jonathan ORCID: 0000-0002-7031-3593 (2021) Observations of Nutrient Supply by Mesoscale Eddy Stirring and Small-Scale Turbulence in the Oligotrophic North Atlantic. GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES, 35 (12).

Katavouta, Anna ORCID: 0000-0002-1587-4996 and Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558 (2021) Ocean carbon cycle feedbacks in CMIP6 models: contributions from different basins. Biogeosciences, 18 (10). pp. 3189-3218.

Goodwin, Philip and Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558 (2023) On the Arctic Amplification of surface warming in a conceptual climate model. PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA, 454. p. 133880.

Barton, Andrew D, Lozier, M Susan and Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558 (2015) Physical controls of variability in North Atlantic phytoplankton communities. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY, 60 (1). pp. 181-197.

Lauderdale, Jonathan M, Dutkiewicz, Stephanie, Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558 and Follows, Michael J (2016) Quantifying the drivers of ocean-atmosphere CO₂ fluxes. GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES, 30 (7). pp. 983-999.

Katavouta, Anna ORCID: 0000-0002-1587-4996, Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558, Goodwin, Philip and Roussenov, Vassil ORCID: 0000-0003-4128-9712 (2018) Reconciling Atmospheric and Oceanic Views of the Transient Climate Response to Emissions. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 45 (12). pp. 6205-6214.

Turner, Katherine ORCID: 0000-0003-1666-1690, Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558, Katavouta, Anna and Smith, Doug M (2022) Reconstructing upper ocean carbon variability using ARGO profiles and CMIP6 models.

Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558, Katavouta, Anna ORCID: 0000-0002-1587-4996 and Roussenov, Vassil ORCID: 0000-0003-4128-9712 (2021) Regional Asymmetries in Ocean Heat and Carbon Storage due to Dynamic Redistribution in Climate Model Projections. JOURNAL OF CLIMATE, 34 (10). pp. 3907-3925.

Turner, Katherine ORCID: 0000-0003-1666-1690, Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558, Katavouta, Anna and Beerling, David J (2020) Sensitivity of climate mitigation signals to climate engineering choice and implementation.

Pimm, Ciara (2023) Southern Ocean Ventilation: Connection to dynamic tracers and heat uptake. PhD thesis, University of Liverpool.

Castro, Bieito Fernandez, Mazloff, Matthew, Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558 and Garabato, Alberto C Naveira (2022) Subtropical Contribution to Sub-Antarctic Mode Waters. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 49 (11).

Vakilifard, Negar, Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558, Holden, Philip B, Turner, Katherine, Edwards, Neil R and Beerling, David J (2022) Supplementary material to 'Assessment of negative and positive CO2 emissions on global warming metrics using large ensemble Earth system model simulations'. BG. (Submitted)

Rogan, Nicholas, Achterberg, Eric P, Le Moigne, Frederic AC, Marsay, Chris M, Tagliabue, Alessandro ORCID: 0000-0002-3572-3634 and Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558 (2016) Volcanic ash as an oceanic iron source and sink. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 43 (6). pp. 2732-2740.

Badin, Gualtiero, Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558, Jing, Zhao and Wu, Lixin (2013) Water Mass Transformations in the Southern Ocean Diagnosed from Observations: Contrasting Effects of Air-Sea Fluxes and Diapycnal Mixing. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY, 43 (7). pp. 1472-1484.

Lauderdale, Jonathan M, Garabato, Alberto C Naveira, Oliver, Kevin IC, Follows, Michael J and Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558 (2013) Wind-driven changes in Southern Ocean residual circulation, ocean carbon reservoirs and atmospheric CO₂. CLIMATE DYNAMICS, 41 (7-8). pp. 2145-2164.

Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558, Goodwin, Philip, Roussenov, Vassil M ORCID: 0000-0003-4128-9712 and Bopp, Laurent (2016) A framework to understand the transient climate response to emissions. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 11 (1). 015003-015003.

Barton, Andrew D, Ward, Ben A, Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558 and Follows, Michael J (2014) The impact of fine‐scale turbulence on phytoplankton community structure. Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments, 4 (1). pp. 34-49.

Gupta, Mukund, Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558, Lauderdale, Jonathan M, Jahn, Oliver, Hill, Christopher, Dutkiewicz, Stephanie and Follows, Michael J (2022) A nutrient relay sustains subtropical ocean productivity. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 119 (41). e2206504119-.

Kenitz, Kasia, Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558, Sharples, Jonathan ORCID: 0000-0002-7031-3593, Selsil, Ozgur and Biktashev, Vadim N (2013) The paradox of the plankton: species competition and nutrient feedback sustain phytoplankton diversity. MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES, 490. pp. 107-119.

Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558, Ceppi, Paulo, Roussenov, Vassil ORCID: 0000-0003-4128-9712, Katavouta, Anna and Meijers, Andrew JS (2023) The role of the Southern Ocean in the global climate response to carbon emissions. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 381 (2249). 20220062-.