Exploitation of adult Anopheles arabiensis behaviour and ecology for the dissemination of pyriproxyfen, a novel technique for malaria vector control in Tanzania

Lwetoijera, Dickson (2016) Exploitation of adult Anopheles arabiensis behaviour and ecology for the dissemination of pyriproxyfen, a novel technique for malaria vector control in Tanzania. PhD thesis, University of Liverpool.

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Abstract

Effective larviciding to manage mosquito aquatic habitats offers an additional strategy for malaria vector control by complementing benefits already achieved by long lasting insecticidetreated nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS). Sustainable implementation of larviciding requires comprehensive understanding of the ecology of disease vectors and robust monitoring of factors governing local disease transmission. Treatment of aquatic habitats with the juvenile hormone analogue Pyriproxyfen (PPF), inhibits adult mosquito emergence at extremely low concentrations that are potentially deliverable by PPF-contaminated gravid adult females, a phenomenon termed „autodissemination‟. The primary aim of this thesis was to investigate a range of adult mosquito behaviours that might be exploited to disseminate PPF. The effectiveness of PPF to sterilize adult mosquitoes for malaria vector control was also assessed in a controlled system. Vector dynamics, malaria transmission intensity and risk factors were evaluated at the field site where the PPF autodissemination strategy would be evaluated in field trials and potentially implemented. Field monitoring of indoor malaria transmission risk factors revealed that even in the communities with high coverage of bednets, LLINs did not reduce the indoor densities of An. gambiae s.l (RR= 0.74 (0.50 - 1.11, p > 0.05) but reduced An. funestus indoor densities by 56% (RR= 0.44 (0.23 - 0.87, p 95% (89.3 - 102.9%) reduction in adult An. arabiensis production. This research provides evidence on the need of better housing and larviciding to complement LLINs in controlling the remaining malaria transmission transmitted by An. funestus and An. arabiensis. It also demonstrated for the first time that the PPF autodissemination strategy and sterilization of adult females present a promising malaria vector control option for field trial. PPF-autodissemination can be integrated into a vector management toolbox to control outdoor malaria transmission and also target multiple disease-carrying mosquitoes that share aquatic habitats with malaria vectors. These findings highlight the potential of PPF for controlling outdoor and indoor malaria vectors and call for further testing in the field.

Item Type:	Thesis (PhD)
Additional Information:	Date: 2016-01-22 (completed)
Subjects:	?? Q1 ?? ?? RA0421 ??
Divisions:	Faculty of Health and Life Sciences
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	25 Aug 2016 15:57
Last Modified:	16 Dec 2022 04:44
DOI:	10.17638/02050419
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/2050419