Epidemiology of Bovine Digital Dermatitis (BDD):

causality, transmission and infection dynamics
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Selective bibliography
Choi, B. K., Nattermann, H., Grund, S., Haider, W. and Göbel, U. B. (1997). Spirochetes from digital dermatitis lesions in cattle are closely related to treponemes associated with human periodontitis, International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 47(1): 175–81.

Choi, Y. K., Johnson, W. O. and Thurmond, M. C. (2006). Diagnosis using predictive probabilities without cut-offs, Statistics in Medicine 25(4): 699–717.

Collighan, R. J., Naylor, R. D., Martin, P. K., Cooley, B. A., Buller, N. and Woodward, M. J. (2000). A spirochete isolated from a case of severe virulent ovine foot disease is closely related to a treponeme isolated from human periodontitis and bovine digital dermatitis, Veterinary Microbiology 74(3): 249–257.

Collighan, R. J. and Woodward, M. J. (1997). Spirochaetes and other bacterial species associated with bovine digital dermatitis, FEMS Microbiology Letters 156(1): 37–41.

Demirkan, I., Walker, R. L., Murray, R. D., Blowey, R. W. and Carter, S. D. (1999). Serological evidence of spirochaetal infections associated with digital dermatitis in dairy cattle, Veterinary Journal 157(1): 69–77.

Demirkan, I., Williams, H., Dhawi, A., Carter, S. D., Winstanley, C., Bruce, K. and Hart, C. (2006). Characterization of a spirochaete isolated from a case of bovine digital dermatitis, Journal of Applied Microbiology 101(4): 948–955.

Dhawi, A., Hart, C. A., Demirkan, I., Davies, I. H. and Carter, S. D. (2005). Bovine digital dermatitis and severe virulent ovine foot rot: a common spirochaetal pathogenesis, Veterinary Journal 169(2): 232–41.

Diggle, P. J., Liang, K. Y. and Zeger, S. L. (2000). Analysis of Longitudinal Data, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

Dohoo, I., Martin, W. and Stryhn, H. (2003). Veterinary Epidemiologic Research, AVC Inc., Charlottetown.

Döpfer, D. and Willemen, M. A. (1998). Standardisation of infectious claw diseases, Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Lameness in Ruminants, Lucerne, Switzerland, pp. 244–254.

Edwards, A. M., Dymock, D., Woodward, M. J. and Jenkinson, H. F. (2003a). Genetic relatedness and phenotypic characteristics of Treponema associated with human periodontal tissues and ruminant foot disease, Microbiology 149(5): 1083–93.

Edwards, A. M., Dymock, D. and Jenkinson, H. F. (2003b). From hoof to tooth: treponemes in tissue-destructive diseases, Journal of Applied Microbiology 94(5): 767– 780.

Frankena, K., Stassen, E. N., Noordhuizen, J. P., Goelema, J., Schipper, J., Smelt, H. and Romkema, H. (1991). Prevalence of lameness and risk indicators for dermatitis digitalis (Mortellaro’s disease) during pasturing and housing of dairy cattle, Proceedings of a meeting of the Society for Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, London, UK, pp. 107–118.

Holzhauer, M., Hardenberg, C., Bartels, C. J. and Frankena, K. (2006). Herd- and cowlevel prevalence of digital dermatitis in the Netherlands and associated risk factors, Journal of Dairy Science 89(2): 580–588.

Laven, R. A. (2003). Desktop review into the management and treatment of digital dermatitis, Technical Report 02/T3/07, MDC.

Laven, R. A. and Lawrence, K. R. (2006). An evaluation of the seasonality of veterinary treatments for lameness in UK dairy cattle, Journal of Dairy Science 89(10): 3858–3865.

Monti, G. E., Frankena, K. and De Jong, M.C. (2006). Evaluation of natural transmission of bovine leukaemia virus within dairy herds of argentina, Epidemiology and Infection pp. 1–10.

Moter, A., Leist, G., Rudolph, R., Schrank, K., Choi, B. K., Wagner, M. and Goebel, U. B. (1998). Fluorescence in situ hybridization shows spatial distribution of as yet uncultured treponemes in biopsies from digital dermatitis lesions, Microbiology 144(9): 2459–2467.

Rodriguez-Lainz, A., Hird, D. W., Carpenter, T. E. and Read, D. H. (1996). Case control study of papillomatous digital dermatitis in southern California dairy farms, Preventive Veterinary Medicine 28(2): 117–131.

Rodriguez-Lainz, A., Melendez-Retamal, P., Hird, D. W. and Read, D. H. (1998). Papillomatous digital dermatitis in Chilean dairies and evaluation of a screening method, Preventive Veterinary Medicine 37(1-4): 197–207.

Rodriguez-Lainz, A., Melendez-Retamal, P., Hird, D. W., Read, D. H. and Walker, R. L. (1999). Farm- and host-level risk factors for papillomatous digital dermatitis in Chilean dairy cattle, Preventive Veterinary Medicine 42(2): 87–97.

Somers, J. G. C. J., Frankena, K., Noordhuizen-Stassen, E. N. and Metz, J. H. M. (2005). Risk factors for digital dermatitis in dairy cows kept in cubicle houses in The Netherlands, Preventive Veterinary Medicine 71(1-2): 11–21.

Stamm, L. V., Bergen, H. L. and Walker, R. L. (2002). Molecular typing of papillomatous digital dermatitis-associated Treponema isolates based on analysis of 16S-23S ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer regions, Journal of Clinical Microbiology 40(9): 3463–3469.

Thrusfield, M. (1997). Veterinary Epidemiologic Research, Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK.

Trott, D. J., Moeller, M. R., Zuerner, R. L., Goff, J. P., Waters, W. R., Alt, D. P., Walker, R. L. and Wannemuehler, M. J. (2003). Characterization of Treponema phagedenis-like spirochetes isolated from papillomatous digital dermatitis lesions in dairy cattle, Journal of Clinical Microbiology 41(6): 2522–9.

Venables, W. N. and Ripley, B. D. (2002). Modern Applied Statistics with S, Springer-Verlag, New York.

Walker, R. L., Read, D. H., Loretz, K. J. and Nordhausen, R. W. (1995). Spirochetes isolated from dairy cattle with papillomatous digital dermatitis and interdigital dermatitis, Veterinary Microbiology 47(3-4): 343–355.

Walker, R. L., Read, D. H., Loretz, K. J., Hird, D. W. and Berry, S. L. (1997). Humoral response of dairy cattle to spirochetes isolated from papillomatous digital dermatitis lesions, American Journal of Veterinary Research 58(7): 744–748.

Wells, S. J., Garber, L. P. and Wagner, B. A. (1999). Papillomatous digital dermatitis and associated risk factors in US dairy herds, Preventive Veterinary Medicine 38(1): 11–24.
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© Willem Daniel Vink 2006