Calcium Sensors in Neuronal Function and Dysfunction

Burgoyne, Robert D ORCID: 0000-0002-9219-0387, Helassa, Nordine ORCID: 0000-0003-3743-1886, McCue, Hannah V and Haynes, Lee P ORCID: 0000-0002-1296-0338 (2019) Calcium Sensors in Neuronal Function and Dysfunction. COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN BIOLOGY, 11 (5). a035154-.

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Abstract

Calcium signaling in neurons as in other cell types can lead to varied changes in cellular function. Neuronal Ca²⁺ signaling processes have also become adapted to modulate the function of specific pathways over a wide variety of time domains and these can have effects on, for example, axon outgrowth, neuronal survival, and changes in synaptic strength. Ca²⁺ also plays a key role in synapses as the trigger for fast neurotransmitter release. Given its physiological importance, abnormalities in neuronal Ca²⁺ signaling potentially underlie many different neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. The mechanisms by which changes in intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration in neurons can bring about diverse responses is underpinned by the roles of ubiquitous or specialized neuronal Ca²⁺ sensors. It has been established that synaptotagmins have key functions in neurotransmitter release, and, in addition to calmodulin, other families of EF-hand-containing neuronal Ca²⁺ sensors, including the neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) and the calcium-binding protein (CaBP) families, play important physiological roles in neuronal Ca²⁺ signaling. It has become increasingly apparent that these various Ca²⁺ sensors may also be crucial for aspects of neuronal dysfunction and disease either indirectly or directly as a direct consequence of genetic variation or mutations. An understanding of the molecular basis for the regulation of the targets of the Ca²⁺ sensors and the physiological roles of each protein in identified neurons may contribute to future approaches to the development of treatments for a variety of human neuronal disorders.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Neurons, Animals, Humans, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Receptors, Calcium-Sensing, Calcium Signaling, Protein Conformation
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	11 Mar 2019 08:55
Last Modified:	31 Jan 2024 18:35
DOI:	10.1101/cshperspect.a035154
Related URLs:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3033887