Influence of Potable Water Origin on the Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Plasma Activated Water

Simon, Stephane, Salgado, Breno, Hasan, Mohammad I, Sivertsvik, Morten, Fernandez, Estefania Noriega and Walsh, James L ORCID: 0000-0002-6318-0892 (2021) Influence of Potable Water Origin on the Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Plasma Activated Water. PLASMA CHEMISTRY AND PLASMA PROCESSING, 42 (2). pp. 377-393.

Access the full-text of this item by clicking on the Open Access link.

Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11090-021-10221-3

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The interaction between a cold gas plasma and water creates a plasma activated liquid, a solution rich in highly reactive chemical species. Such liquids have garnered considerable attention due to their powerful antimicrobial properties and ease of production. In this contribution, air plasma was used to activate potable water samples from five different countries, including the UK, France, Norway, Slovenia and Palestine. All water samples had an initial pH in the range of 7.9 to 8.2, following plasma activation samples from the UK and Norway reached a pH below 3, whereas water from France and Palestine remained stable at 8. The concentration of NO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub><jats:sup>−</jats:sup> increased in all samples, reaching a maximum concentration of 3 mM after 25 min plasma exposure; whereas the concentration of NO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub><jats:sup>−</jats:sup> showed a non-linear dependence with exposure time, reaching between 10 and 25 µM after 25 min of exposure. To demonstrate the impact of water origin on the antimicrobial potential of each solution, the inactivation of <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Escherichia coli</jats:italic> was considered. It was found that activated water from the UK was capable of achieving > 6 log reduction, whereas water from Palestine was only able to achieve a 0.4 log reduction, despite both liquids receiving an identical plasma exposure. The study demonstrates the importance of initial water composition on the level of plasma activation, indicating that additional purification steps prior to activation may be necessary to ensure efficacy and repeatability.</jats:p>

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Plasma activated water, Water buffering capacity, Reactive nitrogen species, Bacterial inactivation
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Engineering > School of Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Computer Science
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	20 Jan 2022 10:36
Last Modified:	18 Jan 2023 21:15
DOI:	10.1007/s11090-021-10221-3
Open Access URL:	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-021-10221-3
Related URLs:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3147256