Viremia and nasal shedding for the diagnosis of equine herpesvirus-1 infection in domesticated horses.

Pusterla, Nicola, Dorman, David C ORCID: 0000-0001-8270-6215, Burgess, Brandy A ORCID: 0000-0001-8580-3395, Goehring, Lutz ORCID: 0000-0001-8493-0675, Gross, Margaret ORCID: 0000-0002-7906-9267, Osterrieder, Klaus ORCID: 0000-0002-5313-2176, Soboll Hussey, Gisela ORCID: 0000-0003-1877-6926 and Lunn, David P ORCID: 0000-0002-7388-9766 (2023) Viremia and nasal shedding for the diagnosis of equine herpesvirus-1 infection in domesticated horses. Journal of veterinary internal medicine.

Access the full-text of this item by clicking on the Open Access link.

Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16958

Abstract

<h4>Background</h4>Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) infection is associated with upper respiratory disease, EHM, abortions, and neonatal death.<h4>Research questions</h4>Are nasal secretions a more sensitive biological sample compared to blood for the detection of EHV-1 infection? How long is EHV-1 detectable after primary infection by PCR?<h4>Methods</h4>MedLine and Web of Science searches identified original peer-reviewed reports evaluating nasal shedding and viremia using virus isolation methods or PCR published in English before October 9, 2023.<h4>Results</h4>Sixty experimental and 20 observational studies met inclusion criteria. EHV-1 detection frequency by qPCR in nasal secretions and blood from naturally-infected horses with fever and respiratory signs were 15% and 9%, respectively; qPCR detection rates in nasal secretions and blood from horses with suspected EHM were 94% and 70%, respectively. In experimental studies the sensitivity of qPCR matched or exceeded that seen for virus isolation from either nasal secretions or blood. Detection of nasal shedding typically occurred within 2 days after EHV-1 inoculation with a detection period of 3 to 7 days. Viremia lasted 2 to 7 days and was usually detected ≥1 days after positive identification of EHV-1 in nasal secretions. Nasal shedding and viremia decreased over time and remained detectable in some horses for several weeks after inoculation.<h4>Conclusions and clinical importance</h4>Under experimental conditions, blood and nasal secretions have similar sensitivity for the detection of EHV-1 when horses are sampled on multiple consecutive days. In contrast, in observational studies detection of EHV-1 in nasal secretions was consistently more successful.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	abortion, equine, equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy, herpesvirus-1, nasal shedding, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), rhinopneumonitis, viremia, virus isolation
Divisions:	Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences > Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences > Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences > School of Veterinary Science
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	18 Dec 2023 14:18
Last Modified:	22 Dec 2023 18:38
DOI:	10.1111/jvim.16958
Open Access URL:	https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16958
Related URLs:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3177500